What is Jet: Definition and 327 Discussions

Jet fuel or aviation turbine fuel (ATF, also abbreviated avtur) is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is colorless to straw-colored in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1, which are produced to a standardized international specification. The only other jet fuel commonly used in civilian turbine-engine powered aviation is Jet B, which is used for its enhanced cold-weather performance.
Jet fuel is a mixture of a variety of hydrocarbons. Because the exact composition of jet fuel varies widely based on petroleum source, it is impossible to define jet fuel as a ratio of specific hydrocarbons. Jet fuel is therefore defined as a performance specification rather than a chemical compound. Furthermore, the range of molecular mass between hydrocarbons (or different carbon numbers) is defined by the requirements for the product, such as the freezing point or smoke point. Kerosene-type jet fuel (including Jet A and Jet A-1, JP-5, and JP-8) has a carbon number distribution between about 8 and 16 (carbon atoms per molecule); wide-cut or naphtha-type jet fuel (including Jet B and JP-4), between about 5 and 15.

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  1. U

    Control of air jet and servo motor

    Hi, I am trying to control the height of a ball in a jet stream of air. The height is being calculated by a camera and the air jet coming out controlled by a servo motor (connected with a butterfly valve). I found the open loop response by giving a step input, i.e I opened the value and...
  2. M

    Solving the F16 Jet Fighter Turning Circle Puzzle

    Question 1. Homework Statement The question shows a circle labeled as follows -A at the uppermost point -B at the most-right point -C at the lowest point -D at the most-left point so, the length along the circle from A to B (and B to C, C to D, D to A) is one quarter of the...
  3. A

    Calculating Momentum of a High-Velocity Water Jet?

    Homework Statement A jet of water has a diameter of 30mm and a velocity of 40m/s. Determine the momentum/sec of the water. (Take p to be 10000kg/m3) this is my first post, apologies if i have missed anything out...
  4. J

    Jet Engine Sound Intensity Calculation with Absorption Effects

    Homework Statement I=\frac{p_{ave}}{4\pi r^{2}} is derived on the assumption that the transmitting medium does not absorb energy. It is known that the absorption of sound in dry results in a decrease in energy of about 8 dB/km. The intensity of sound at a distance of 120 m from a jet engine is...
  5. Andre

    Who is ultimately responsible for the jet crash?

    Let's do an exercise in safetly management and sound judgement. In some countries somebody is considered guilty if there is an accident with casualties. Maybe we could do a little court marshalling to find out who is guilty in the following mishap, It pertains a take off crash of some Air...
  6. T

    Is Cooling the Key to Efficient Jet Engines?

    How are jet engines cooled? I've seen diagrams of all different kinds of jet engines and I cannot find anything which resembles a cooling mechanism.
  7. G

    Software for designing parts of a jet

    Hello, I'd like to say hi to everyone since I'm pretty new here, and I guess my first post goes directly to asking a question. Anyway, could someone here recommend me some program for designing parts of a jet or a space vehicle that resembles a delta winged jet. I'm doing this for learning...
  8. M

    Steam jet refrigeration , mini project

    im from India , in my third year of B.E. Mech degree .. course... and my group is planning to do steam jet refrigeration system...as a MINI PROJECT ( Design And Fabrication Project in the syllabus).. the components of the project are - 1. boiler 2. steam nozzle 3. thermocompressor 4...
  9. U

    Mathematical equation of a Jet Stream of Air

    Hi, First of all, Happy new year to you all, I hope you enjoyed it as much as I did :), but its back to work for me now :(. I am an electronics Student and doing a project about control systems to control a vertical jet stream of air coming out of a pipe. My basic setup is a motor that...
  10. A

    Pulse Jet Propeller Thrust Calculation

    Hello everyone! I recently visited the Air Force museum in Ohio and saw their Pulsejet Helicopter. It was intriguing how they attached a pulsejet to the end of each propeller tip. Since then, I’ve been wondering if two pulsejets could be used on a general aviation propeller. I’d like to...
  11. J

    Propeller airplanes vs jet airplanes

    why propeller airplanes have superior take-off performance than jet airplanes?
  12. D

    Power of a Jet Engine: 1.5 * 10^9 Nm/s

    A jet engine develops 1 * 10^5 n of thrust in moving the airplane forward at a speed of 900 km/h. What is the power developed by the engine? I thought I needed to convert 900 km/h to m/s, so I did and I got 15000 m/s. The only equation I see to use for this is: P = Fvcosθ When I...
  13. W

    Insane Jet Maneuvers, where do they get the mass flow?

    So I am doing a presentation on effects of inlet distortion on fan performance, I am trying to gauge it more towards the inlet aspect, diverting boundary layers, etc. So I am wondering, how do fighter jets pull such quick turns, and still maintain enough mass flow not to stall the compressors? I...
  14. A

    Jet Catapult Work: Calculate Kinetic Energy & Work Done

    Homework Statement A fighter jet is launched from an aircraft carrier with the aid of its own engines and a steam powered catapult. The thrust of its engines is 2.3x10^5 N. In being launched from rest it moves through a distance of 87 m and has a kinetic energy of 4.5x10^7 at lift off. What is...
  15. A

    Pulse Jet engine - A new design concept

    I`ve had a new idea in designing a pulse jet by adding a valve in it... According to my intuition and logically this increases the output many folds and I`ve given sufficient reasons for suggesting it. I have a powerpoint of my idea that I have made and I request any of you to please go through...
  16. M

    How much ahead the front axle does the wheel jet the water that it pick

    Homework Statement [/B A bicycle with a speed 12 km/h is driving along a leveled wet road. How much ahead the front axle (see picture) does the wheel jet the water that it picks up from the floor?The radius of the wheel is r = 35 cm. Let’s suppose that the drops of water that are separating...
  17. M

    How much ahead the front axle does the wheel jet the water that it pick

    Homework Statement A bicycle with a speed 12 km/h is driving along a leveled wet road. How much ahead the front axle (see picture) does the wheel jet the water that it picks up from the floor?The radius of the wheel is r = 35 cm. Let’s suppose that the drops of water that are separating from...
  18. M

    What Does a Career in Jet Engine and Rocket Propulsion Entail?

    Well I want to become an AE but want to know what it entails first. I want to focus mainly on Jet engines and propulsion systems mostly but if I have no real idea what that means or what it involves so can someone explain this to me? I think it means me and a group go out design,build and...
  19. V

    Jet Engine Mass Flow Rate calculation

    hi how to find air mass flow rate in jet engine? we are using thrust/Isp equation to find the mass flow rate for rocket equation. is that any formula available for finding the mass flow rate in jet engine
  20. V

    Jet Exhaust Velocity: Turbojet & Turbofan Engine Advantages

    in turbojet and turbofan engine the hot gas exhaust velocity is less to compare with after burener turbojet and turbofan engine. in case the turbojet and turbofan enigne hot gas exhaust velocity is high without after burner, what is the advantage? assume it does not consume any additional fuel
  21. B

    Circular motion jet fighter problem

    Homework Statement A jet fighter pilot flies at mach 3 vertically down and intends to pull up in a circular maneuver before crashing in the ground. He knows that he is able to withstand an acceleration of 9g before blacking out. a) Where does the max. acceleration occur in the maneuver...
  22. V

    Jet Engine Compressed air Pressure for various altitude and velocity

    HI In Jet Engine, i want to know that the compressed air prssure changes before it enters into the combustion chamber from the compressor in various altitude and velocity or it is consatnt for altitude and velocity?
  23. T

    Nuclear fusion using a plasma jet

    As per a previous thread, if you fire two plasma jets of deuterium at each other at high enough relative velocity, the deuterons would collide and fuse into helium. Does anyone know what is the relative velocity in kilometers per hour necessary for deuterons hitting each other head on to fuse...
  24. J

    Mathematical description of the valveless pulse jet

    Well I want to understand the internal working off the valveless pulse jet, I have red something but everything is qualitative, I would like to ask to you if you know some book describing every process off this kind of engines mathly, including the kadenacy effect. You have a lot of physics...
  25. C

    How Is Thrust Calculated for a Jet Engine in a Lab Test?

    Homework Statement A jet engine is being tested in the laboratory and it is found to consume 20 kg of air per second while using 0.2 kg of fuel per second. Given that the exit velocity of the gases is 500 m s-1, calculate the thrust generated by the engine. Homework Equations F = M(V-U)...
  26. W

    Why Aircraft with Jet Engines Form Cloud Trails

    At higher altitudes in the atmosphere, why do aircrafts (particularly fighter aircrafts) with jet engines leaves some kind of white cloud trailing behind? It doesn't disappear for a reasonable amount of time. What is this? Thanks!
  27. C

    Work and Energy of fighter jet

    Homework Statement A fight jet is launched from an aircraft carrier with the aid of its own engines and a steam-powered catapult. The thrust of its engines is 230,000 N. In being launched from rest it moves through a distance of 87 m and has a kinetic energy of 45,000,000 J at lift-off. What...
  28. K

    Volume vapour calculation for jet fuel a1

    [b]1. Homework Statement is there any formulae for obtain the volume vapour % V/V. we have a jet fuel a1 10 liters in the closed chamber.the temperature measured inside is 41 degree. we want to know how much vapour it can generate at the particular temperature. we have the following data 1...
  29. W

    Rate of Climb Calculations (w/ 4 engine jet powered aircraft)

    I have this problem and it seems like it has a simple solution, however I can't seem to figure it out. Using the following values and the previous equation calculate the rate of climb for a typical airplane at an altitude of 8000m. 4 Engines each with 150kN of thrust. Aircraft mass is...
  30. G

    Determining the Dimensions of a Pulse Jet Engine: A Scientific Approach

    If you were to design a pulse jet engine where would you start? How do you determine the diameter and length of the tail pipe? How do you determine the diameter and length of the combustion chamber? How do you determine the area of the air intake valve system? How do you determine...
  31. G

    How Can I Calculate Pulse Jet Engine Dimensions Using Air as Oxidizer?

    Does anyone know any Forumulas or how to calculate the dimensions of a pulse jet engine? I have already built several PULSE JET engines that run by scaling up an existing hobby engine to a larger size. Problem is the scaled up models run but maybe they could run better. I can not find any...
  32. I

    Bird strike / jet impact – solution concept plausibility question:

    Would a bird strike impact with an in-flight jet propulsion intake have a significantly less probability of avoiding critical damage if the jet intake was fully idle or non-active at the point of impact? Would the air-flow pattern of an abruptly idled engine perhaps even help by greatly...
  33. W

    Which Jet Ski Crosses the River Faster?

    Two people take identical Jet Skis across a river, traveling at the same speed relative to the water. Jet Ski A heads directly across the river and is carried downstream by the current before reaching the opposite shore. Jet Ski B tavels in a direction that is 35 degrees upstream and arrives at...
  34. D

    Air France Jet Crash: Are Commercial Jets Safe Against Lightning?

    You have probally all heard about the Air France jet crashing in the Alantic. Reports so far have suggested that lighting was the cause of failure. Now I believe Commericial Air Crafts are struck by lightning at least once a year. Lightning is suppose to pass around the exterior of the...
  35. D

    Jet vs. Hovercraft - the momentum dillemna

    Well I was wonderin about this for quite a while. Why does a jet airplane not move about like a hovercraft? You know how your sittin in that seat, of a hovercraft, and once your goin, you have to wait several seconds for the momentum to get changed by the force - ie your movin 90 degrees one way...
  36. djeitnstine

    [results]testing for microbial Contamination in jet fuel

    Hello I am sharing the results of my analytical report on "comparison on methods of testing for microbial contamination in jet fuel for private jet aircraft owners" for those who were interested (namely Cyrus) First I would like to talk a little about the scope and the limitations of my...
  37. T

    Jet nozzles effect in seawater

    Is it possible to calculate a high-pressure nozzles effect/carrying length in seawater if the medium used in the high-pressure nozzle is seawater?
  38. djeitnstine

    Testing methods of contaminated jet fuel

    Hi, as I've stated before I am doing research in the area of jet fuel contamination. However I have shifted my focus to methods of testing. I know many of you work in the aerospace industry. What I need to know if there are any "popular" or "standard" methods you use at your company or perhaps...
  39. P

    Jet Engine Inlet Distortion

    (This is a homework/lab assignment but thought it better suits in this category) Hi, This is a scaled model and I am given the pressure tap locations on each rakes. Also given is the pressure data. Inlet distortion formula is given by: Pdist = (Pmax - Pmin)/Pavg Question is to find...
  40. djeitnstine

    Preventing Jet Fuel Contamination: Helpful Tips and Resources

    Hi guys, are any of you familiar with jet fuel contamination? I'm doing a research paper on ways to reduce or prevent it. Any input and or links would be appreciated. Thanks in advanced
  41. djeitnstine

    Reducing microbacterial contamination in jet fuels

    Hey I'm not sure if this should be here or to the AE guys or both. But I just need to find out a little more on micro bacterial contamination and ways to prevent it in jet fuels. Any of you know about it or have and sources on it?
  42. V

    Will Electric Jet Ducted Fan Planes Be a Reality in Our Lifetime?

    I have planed to make a small engine for my RC. I plane to use clay and (balsa layers) wood for structural support. I know clay is relatively heavy, so I only plan to use I tiny amount for the wind tunnel of the plane. Like one other person had mention, I want to use a "cold" jet. I plan on...
  43. S

    How Does a Gardner Shower Jet's Range Impact the Wall's Wetted Area?

    Homework Statement a gardner shower jet is placed at a distance 'd' from the wall of a building . If 'R' is thr maximum range of the jet taht is prduced when the bowl is connected to the nose of a nose of a fire engine show that the portion of the wall that is hit by jet of water is bounded by...
  44. S

    Studying the force on a plate from an air jet

    Hi, I have been carrying out a lab experiment where I am studying the force on a plate from an air jet. I need to come up with a theoretical derivation of an equation for the force on the plate and I was wondering if anyone had any ideas about how to go about this? Thanks
  45. N

    Calculating Jet Fires: Length, Angle, & Heat Flux

    I am trying to calculate the effects of a Jet fire from a pipe rupture where the pipe contains flammable gas. I have come across a model by D.A. Carter which predicts the heat flux at a distance x from the fire. The problem that I have is that I want to also calculate the length of the flame and...
  46. N

    Conservation of energy of a jet powered car

    Homework Statement 1. A block mass m is pushed up against a spring, compressing it a distance x, and the block is then released. The spring projects the block along a frictionless horizontal surface, giving the block a speed v. The same spring projects a second block of mass 4m, giving it a...
  47. Ivan Seeking

    Was the San Diego Fighter Jet Crash Preventable?

    http://ca.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSTRE4B76RK20081208 One quote that I heard: "Thank God it didn't hit the high school".
  48. P

    Jet Engine Thrust in Atmosphere vs Space

    A rocket flying in the atmosphere and flying in the outer space. In which conditions does it have stronger thrust? Provided every parameter is the same, even the air drag is considered negligible (in fact it's big).
  49. Saladsamurai

    Why do Jet Engines Have a Compressor?

    So like it says. It may be a silly question, but I am doing some reading on jet engines (on Wiki) and I am having trouble finding an explanation as to why we want to increase the pressure of the air before it goes into combustion. Does this just another way of increasing the thrust? Thanks...
  50. R

    Velocity of a water jet given water pressure and diameter?

    I need to determine the velocity of a water jet. For example, if a garden hose is 1/2" in diameter and we assume that the water pressure is 40psi, what would be the water velocity (in ft/s) as it exits the hose (assuming no nozzle)? We know Pressure = force/area, but I want to know the...
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