Why is U-235 fissionable by thermal neutrons but U-238 not

In summary, U-235 is fissionable by thermal neutrons because its activation energy, or the energy required to cause irreversible deformation of the nucleus, is very low. This is due to the semi-empirical mass formula, where the coulomb and surface area terms reduce and increase respectively, causing an irreversible deformation when a neutron is absorbed by the nucleus. In contrast, U-238 requires more energy, specifically E>1.4MeV, for its coulomb term to dominate and cause a break up of the nucleus.
  • #1
saleem
4
0
I have this question

Why U-235 is fissionable by thermal neutrons whereas U-238
requires E>1.4MeV
Thank you:
 
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  • #2
235 is fissle as it's activation energy/fissile barrier, the energy required to cause irreversible deformation of the nucleus is very low.

If you look at the semi empirical mass formula the coulomb and surface area terms reduce and increase respectivly (like a harmonic oscillator) when a neutron is absorbed by the nucleus. If the energy is great enough the coulomb term dominates and causes an irreversible deformation which leads to break up of the nucleus.

the activation energy is the energy required to do this

Im studying this currently myself so apologies if I am saying what you already know
 
Last edited:
  • #3
neu said:
235 is fissle as it's activation energy/fissile barrier, the energy required to cause irreversible deformation of the nucleus is very low.

If you look at the semi empirical mass formula the coulomb and surface area terms reduce and increase respectivly (like a harmonic oscillator) when a neutron is absorbed by the nucleus. If the energy is great enough the coulomb term dominates and causes an irreversible deformation which leads to break up of the nucleus.

the activation energy is the energy required to do this

Im studying this currently myself so apologies if I am saying what you already know

if he knewed he wouldn´t asked ;)
 

Related to Why is U-235 fissionable by thermal neutrons but U-238 not

What is the difference between U-235 and U-238?

U-235 and U-238 are both isotopes of uranium, meaning they have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. U-235 has 235 neutrons, while U-238 has 238 neutrons.

Why is U-235 fissionable by thermal neutrons?

U-235 is fissionable by thermal neutrons because it has a lower critical energy threshold for fission compared to U-238. This means that it requires less energy to split the nucleus of U-235 compared to U-238.

What are thermal neutrons?

Thermal neutrons are neutrons that have slowed down to a low energy level, usually through collisions with other particles. They have a higher probability of causing fission in U-235 compared to other types of neutrons.

Why is U-238 not fissionable by thermal neutrons?

U-238 is not fissionable by thermal neutrons because it has a higher critical energy threshold for fission compared to U-235. This means that it requires more energy to split the nucleus of U-238, making it less likely to undergo fission with thermal neutrons.

What is the significance of U-235 being fissionable by thermal neutrons?

The fission of U-235 with thermal neutrons is significant because it is the process used in nuclear reactors to produce energy. By controlling the fission of U-235, we can generate heat which is then used to produce electricity. This discovery has greatly impacted the energy industry and has led to the development of nuclear technology.

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