What is the tension in the line holding a helium-filled balloon?

In summary, a spherical balloon filled with helium at a density of .181 kg/m^3 and a radius of .500m has a mass of .095g. When fastened to a vertical line, the tension in the line is 5.57 N. This is due to the buoyant force of the displaced air and the weight of the balloon itself. The equation for buoyancy is the weight of the displaced fluid, which in this case is the air.
  • #1
clutchstrike
4
0

Homework Statement



An empty rubber balloon has a mass of .0120 kg. The balloon is filled with helium at a density of .181 kg/m^3. At this density the balloon is spherical with a radius of .500m. If the filled balloon is fastened to a vertical line, what is the tension in the line?

Homework Equations



Equations that I found:
volume of a sphere = 4/3(pi)(r^3)
density = mass/volume
Buoyant force = weight

The Attempt at a Solution



I attempted to set up a free body diagram, with two forces. One is the tension going up, and the other is weight going down. That would mean T = mg. since density = mass/volume, .181 kg/m^3 = mass / (4/3)(pi)(.5)^3. That gets a mass of .095g.
.095g(9.8 m/s^2) = .929 N. The correct answer is 5.57 N. So, I got it wrong.
 
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  • #2
The balloon floats--the string tension pulls the balloon down. What other forces act on the balloon?

Note: Buoyant force = weight of displaced fluid
 
  • #3
pressure?
 
  • #4
clutchstrike said:
pressure?
The pressure of the air is a force per unit area. The resultant force due to the air pressure is the buoyant force.

So far we have two forces acting on the balloon: tension and buoyant force. What's the third force?
 
  • #5
gravity?
 
  • #6
clutchstrike said:
gravity?
Right! The weight of the balloon is the third force.

So write an expression for the net force and use it to solve for the tension.
 
  • #7
But what is the equation for buoyancy, if there is no displaced fluid in the problem?
 
  • #8
Sure there is: the displaced fluid is the air! It's the air that exerts the buoyant force on the balloon.
 

Related to What is the tension in the line holding a helium-filled balloon?

1. How does the buoyancy of a balloon filled with helium work?

The buoyancy of a balloon filled with helium works due to Archimedes' principle. This principle states that the upward buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid that the object displaces. In the case of a balloon filled with helium, the helium gas is less dense than the surrounding air, causing the balloon to float upwards.

2. What is the relationship between the size of a balloon and its buoyancy when filled with helium?

The size of a balloon has a direct impact on its buoyancy when filled with helium. The larger the balloon, the more helium it can hold, resulting in a greater buoyant force. This is why larger helium balloons are able to float higher in the air compared to smaller ones.

3. How does the temperature affect the buoyancy of a helium balloon?

The temperature does have an effect on the buoyancy of a helium balloon. As the temperature of the air surrounding the balloon changes, the density of the air also changes. This can cause the balloon to either rise or sink, depending on the change in temperature. For example, if the air cools down, the density increases, and the balloon will lose some of its buoyancy, causing it to sink.

4. Can the shape of a balloon affect its buoyancy when filled with helium?

Yes, the shape of a balloon can affect its buoyancy when filled with helium. A spherical balloon will have the most buoyancy because it has the largest volume for a given amount of surface area. On the other hand, a flat or irregularly shaped balloon will have less buoyancy because it has a smaller volume compared to its surface area.

5. What happens to the buoyancy of a helium balloon as it rises higher in the atmosphere?

As a helium balloon rises higher in the atmosphere, the air pressure and density decrease. This means that the buoyant force acting on the balloon also decreases. Eventually, the buoyant force will become equal to the weight of the balloon and it will stop rising, reaching equilibrium. This is why helium balloons can only reach a certain height before they start to descend or pop.

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