What fraction of the Sun’s total mass is lost during fusion?

In summary, during fusion in the Sun's core, hydrogen atoms combine to form helium and release energy in the form of light and heat. Only a very small fraction of the Sun's total mass, around 0.7%, is lost during this process. This mass is converted into energy according to Einstein's famous equation E=mc². While the Sun will eventually run out of hydrogen fuel and stop fusion, this will not happen for another 5 billion years. The Sun's mass loss during fusion does not directly impact Earth, but it is essential for providing our planet with light and heat. There is no need for concern about the Sun's mass loss during fusion, as it is a natural and necessary process for the continued existence of the
  • #1
!Jon Snow!
35
0

Homework Statement


During fusion of hydrogen to helium, 4 billion kg of matter are converted
to energy each second. What fraction of the Sun’s total mass is lost each
year to this process?

Homework Equations


None.

The Attempt at a Solution


First:
Convert how many seconds are there in a year
1 year = 365 days
1 day = 24 hours
1 hour = 60 minutes
1 minute = 60 seconds

365x24x60x60
= 31,536,000 seconds or 3.154x10^7

4 billion
= 4x10^9

Finally, I multiple the number of seconds in a year with 4 billion matter converted.
3.154x10^7 * 4x10^9

∴ 1.2616 × 10^17 kg per year
 
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  • #2
!Jon Snow! said:
Finally, I multiple the number of seconds in a year with 4 billion matter converted.
3.154x10^7 * 4x10^9

You need to work a bit on keeping your units throughout your computations, "billion matter" is not a well defined unit. A good mnemonic to remember the number of seconds in a year is that it is "approximately ##\pi\cdot 10^7## seconds", which you have found correctly. Your last number I assume is the mass lost per year in kg. The question asks you to find the fraction of the solar mass that is lost each year, not the mass that is lost every year.

Edit: Also note that your input data has only one significant digit. Quoting five significant digits in your answer gives an impression of more accuracy than you can possibly claim.
 
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Related to What fraction of the Sun’s total mass is lost during fusion?

What fraction of the Sun's total mass is lost during fusion?

Fusion is the process by which hydrogen atoms combine to form helium, releasing large amounts of energy in the form of light and heat. In the Sun, this process occurs in the core, where the temperature and pressure are high enough to overcome the natural repulsion between positively charged nuclei. The fraction of the Sun's total mass that is lost during fusion is very small, around 0.7%, or about 4 million tons per second.

How is the mass lost during fusion?

During fusion, some of the mass of the hydrogen atoms is converted into energy, according to Einstein's famous equation E=mc². This energy is released in the form of photons, or particles of light, and is what powers the Sun and other stars. The mass that is lost during fusion is converted into this energy.

Will the Sun eventually run out of fuel due to this mass loss?

Yes, eventually the Sun will run out of hydrogen fuel in its core and will no longer be able to sustain fusion. However, this will not happen for another 5 billion years, as the Sun is estimated to be about halfway through its lifetime. When the Sun runs out of hydrogen, it will begin to fuse helium instead, which will result in an expansion of the Sun and the eventual formation of a white dwarf.

Does the Sun's mass loss have any impact on Earth?

The Sun's mass loss during fusion does not have a direct impact on Earth. However, the energy released during fusion is what provides Earth with light and heat, making life on our planet possible. So in a way, we owe our existence to the Sun's mass loss during fusion.

Is the Sun's mass loss a cause for concern?

No, the Sun's mass loss during fusion is a natural and necessary process for the Sun to sustain its energy output. There is no need for concern about this process, as it is essential for the continued existence of the Sun and the other planets in our solar system.

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