What Does It Mean Particles Only Have Location if Measured?

In summary, particles do not have location until they are measured, and this is true in all interpretations of quantum mechanics.
  • #1
kyphysics
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I'm not a physics person (just an interested layperson) and have read that quantum particles don't have any location until they are measured. First, is this true? And, if so, what does that mean? For example, if you don't know where a particle exists, then how can you even measure it? And what does it mean they don't normally have location? If not, how do you know they even exist at all?
 
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  • #2
What Does It Mean Particles Only Have Location if Measured?
... the concept of "position" only makes sense if the position has been detected.

if you don't know where a particle exists, then how can you even measure it?
... you put a detector in a random location. If it goes off, then you have just measured stuff about the particle. If it doesn't - then you have some other knowledge about the particle (i.e. it wasn't there) ... you never been on a treasure hunt? How do you locate an easter egg that is hidden?

Think how you normally measure the position of something. You start out with some idea about where it is ... say you saw it with your eyes. The act of seeing it with your eyes makes a measurement of the position. Then you break out a ruler of some kind and make a more precise measurement.
It is the same with particles - before conducting an experiment we prefer to have a good reason to believe there is something to measure... like we just shone a laser thataway ... this gives us a rough idea where to look for photons so we can make more precise measurements.

And what does it mean they don't normally have location? If not, how do you know they even exist at all?
If you don't know where the particle is, you are still presupposing it's existence. It's existence is an axiom of the problem. No point doing the math for particles that don't exist.
Not having a position is not the same as nonexistence.

 
  • #3
I just want to add that this statement is valid in the Copenhagen interpretation of QM. Other interpretations may not agree.
 
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Related to What Does It Mean Particles Only Have Location if Measured?

1. What does it mean for particles to only have location if measured?

This refers to the concept in quantum mechanics that particles do not have a definite location until they are observed or measured. The act of measurement causes the particle to "collapse" into a specific location, whereas before it exists in a state of superposition, meaning it can exist in multiple locations simultaneously.

2. How is this concept related to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle?

The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that it is impossible to know both the exact position and momentum of a particle at the same time. This is because the act of measuring one property (e.g. position) will alter the other property (e.g. momentum). This is closely related to the idea that particles only have location if measured, as the measurement process itself affects the particle's properties.

3. Does this mean that particles do not exist until they are measured?

No, particles still exist in a state of superposition before being measured. They simply do not have a definite location until measured. This can be a difficult concept to grasp, as it goes against our everyday experience of objects having a fixed location at all times.

4. Are there any real-world applications of this concept?

Yes, the principles of quantum mechanics and the idea of particles only having location if measured have led to many technological advancements, such as quantum computing and cryptography. It also has implications in fields such as medicine and chemistry, where understanding the behavior of particles on a small scale is crucial.

5. Is there any evidence to support this concept?

Yes, the principles of quantum mechanics have been extensively tested and confirmed through experiments and observations. The famous double-slit experiment, for example, demonstrates the wave-particle duality of particles and their ability to exist in multiple locations at once. This supports the idea that particles only have location if measured.

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