- #1
Niles
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Hi
When looking at the interaction between an EM-wave/field E with an isolated atom, we know that they interact via the time-dependent dipole interaction V = dE. This can be derived by looking at an electron bound to an atom, and it is used in systems, where the atom can be rightfully approximated as a two-level atom.
However, how can we always say that the atom only has a single electron attached to it? Who says that there can't be two/three/... electrons attached to our approximate two-level atom? In that case I don't believe the dipole interaction is valid.
Any help is appreciated.
Best wishes,
Niles.
When looking at the interaction between an EM-wave/field E with an isolated atom, we know that they interact via the time-dependent dipole interaction V = dE. This can be derived by looking at an electron bound to an atom, and it is used in systems, where the atom can be rightfully approximated as a two-level atom.
However, how can we always say that the atom only has a single electron attached to it? Who says that there can't be two/three/... electrons attached to our approximate two-level atom? In that case I don't believe the dipole interaction is valid.
Any help is appreciated.
Best wishes,
Niles.
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