Temperature and pressure gradient in a gas

In summary: This is true regardless of the shape of T(x) (temperature as a function of x).In summary, a temperature gradient in a gas, as seen in a long tube with one end maintained at 100oC and the other at 0oC, results in a constant pressure gradient. However, the analysis presented in the attached document or link is incorrect as there will be a linear temperature gradient and constant pressure throughout the tube. The total number of moles in the tube can be calculated using the equation n = PV/RT, regardless of the shape of the temperature gradient. The community's feedback on this topic is welcomed.
  • #1
rejeev
2
0
I have derived that, when there is a temperature difference (gradient) in a gas (consider a long tube with one end maintained at 100oC and other end maintained at 0oC), there will be a pressure gradient (something similar to Bernoulli's law).
Please see the attached document or this link for details: http://rejeev.blogspot.com/2010/07/pressure-and-temperature-gradient-in.html"
I would like to know the feedback from the community on this.
 

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  • #2
rejeev said:
I have derived that, when there is a temperature difference (gradient) in a gas (consider a long tube with one end maintained at 100oC and other end maintained at 0oC), there will be a pressure gradient (something similar to Bernoulli's law).
Please see the attached document or this link for details: http://rejeev.blogspot.com/2010/07/pressure-and-temperature-gradient-in.html"
I would like to know the feedback from the community on this.
The analysis is incorrect. There will be a linear temperature gradient from A to B but the pressure will be constant. If the pressure is constant, the molar density at point x along the tube will be ##\frac{P}{RT(x)}##. So the total number of moles in the tube will be $$n=\int_0^L{\frac{P}{RT(x)}Adx}=\frac{PV}{R}\frac{1}{L}\int_0^L{\frac{dx}{T(x)}}$$ where A is the cross sectional area of the tube and V is the tube volume.
 

Related to Temperature and pressure gradient in a gas

1. What is the relationship between temperature and pressure in a gas?

The relationship between temperature and pressure in a gas is described by the ideal gas law, which states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, assuming constant volume and number of moles of gas. This means that as temperature increases, so does pressure, and vice versa.

2. How does temperature affect the density of a gas?

As temperature increases, the density of a gas decreases. This is because as the gas particles gain energy from the increase in temperature, they move faster and take up more space, resulting in a lower density. This relationship is described by the ideal gas law, where density is inversely proportional to temperature.

3. What is the impact of pressure gradient on a gas?

A pressure gradient in a gas occurs when there is a difference in pressure between two points in the gas. This can cause the gas to flow from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure, resulting in a change in the gas's volume and density. This is the principle behind many gas-powered systems, such as engines and turbines.

4. How does temperature affect the speed of gas particles?

As temperature increases, the average speed of gas particles also increases. This is because the increased energy from the higher temperature allows the particles to move faster. This relationship is described by the kinetic theory of gases, which states that the average kinetic energy of gas particles is directly proportional to temperature.

5. Can temperature and pressure affect the state of a gas?

Yes, temperature and pressure can affect the state of a gas. By changing these variables, a gas can be transformed from a solid to a liquid or from a liquid to a gas. This is known as a phase change, and it occurs when the temperature and pressure of a substance reach a certain point, known as its critical point.

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