What Are Simple Methods to Measure Surface Tension at Home?

In summary, the best way to find the surface tension of a water-based solution without using expensive equipment would be to use the capillary rise method or the hanging drop/sessile drop method. The DuNuoy ring/Wilhelmy plate-type measurements are also possible but require expensive equipment. Adamson's "Physical Chemistry of Surfaces" lists multiple methods, including some unconventional ones like colliding jets.
  • #1
Mantaray
17
0
What would be the best way to find the surface tension of a water-based solution with an experiment without using any expensive/specialist equipment?

I thought that using the capillary rise method would be a pretty good idea as it isn't too hard to measure the variables needed to calculate the surface tension. Height and density are all quite easily measured. The contact angle is a bit harder though, or can I assume that the contact angle for this solution with a glass capillary will be 0 degrees (total wetting)?

Or I could build a balance and then measure the momentum required to lift a thin metal ring from the solution's surface. This probably isn't a really viable idea though, as the force required to lift the ring would be in the order of magnitude of mN or even smaller.

What would be a better option?
 
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  • #2
Hanging drop/sessile drop is the easiest- all you need is a photo.

http://face-kyowa.com/en/learning/learning2.html

DuNuoy ring/Wilhelmy plate-type measurements can be done on commercial equipment, but it's expensive/not simple.

http://www.attension.com/interfacial-tension.aspx

Adamson's "Physical Chemistry of Surfaces" lists about 20 ways to measure the interfacial energy. Some are pretty far out there (colliding jets, for example)- it's worthwhile checking your library for a copy.
 
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What is surface tension?

Surface tension is a property of liquids that causes the surface of the liquid to behave like an elastic membrane. This is due to the cohesive forces between the liquid molecules.

How can surface tension be measured?

Surface tension can be measured using a variety of methods, such as the drop weight method, the capillary rise method, or the pendant drop method. These methods involve measuring the force required to break the surface tension of a liquid.

What factors affect surface tension?

Surface tension is affected by the type of liquid, temperature, and the presence of impurities. As the temperature increases, the surface tension decreases. Impurities can also decrease surface tension by disrupting the cohesive forces between the liquid molecules.

What are some practical applications of surface tension?

Surface tension has many practical applications, such as in detergents and soaps, where it helps to reduce the surface tension of water and allows it to spread more easily. Surface tension also plays a role in the formation of bubbles, the movement of fluids in plants and animals, and in various industrial processes.

How can surface tension experiments be useful?

Surface tension experiments can help us understand the properties of liquids and how they behave. They can also be used to investigate the effects of different factors on surface tension and how it can be manipulated for practical purposes. Additionally, surface tension experiments can be a fun and engaging way to learn about science and the physical world.

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