The nucleus is the central part of an atom, consisting of protons and neutrons. It is surrounded by electrons in orbitals.
Protons and neutrons are arranged in the nucleus in a tightly packed formation. They are held together by strong nuclear forces.
Protons have a positive charge and are responsible for determining the atomic number and chemical properties of an element.
Neutrons have no charge and are responsible for stabilizing the nucleus by balancing out the repulsive forces between protons.
The arrangement of protons and neutrons in the nucleus affects its stability. If the ratio of protons to neutrons is too high or too low, the nucleus may become unstable and undergo radioactive decay.