Spin measurements of an electron

In summary, the spin of an electron is a fundamental property that can be represented as an arrow pointing up or down. It can be measured using techniques such as electron spin resonance or electron paramagnetic resonance and has significance in understanding atoms and molecules, as well as in applications like MRI and quantum computing. While the spin of an electron can change, it is a conserved quantity. However, there are limitations to measuring it due to the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics and the measurement process itself.
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Homework Statement


Consider an electron described initially by ##\psi = \frac{1}{\sqrt{10}} \begin{pmatrix} 1\\ 3 \end{pmatrix}##. A measurement of the spin component along a certain axis, described by an operator ##\hat{A}##, has the eigenvalues ##\pm \frac{\hbar}{2}## as possible outcomes (as with any axis), and the corresponding eigenstates of ##\hat{A}## are ##\psi_1 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{10}} \begin{pmatrix} 1\\ 3 \end{pmatrix}## , ##\psi_2 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{10}} \begin{pmatrix} 3\\ -1 \end{pmatrix}##.

(a) Explain without calculation why a measurement of A returns the result ##\frac{\hbar}{2}## with certainty.
(b) If the spin-z component were now to be measured, what would be the probabilities of getting ##\frac{\hbar}{2}## and ##- \frac{\hbar}{2}##, respectively?
(c) If the spin-z component is now indeed measured, and subsequently A again, show that the probability of getting ##\frac{\hbar}{2}## in the second measurement is 41/50.

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


[/B]
For part (a) the initial state is the same as the eigenspinor with that corresponding eigenvalue, so when multiplying the state with the adjoint of the eigenspinor, of course we will get 1.

(b) For the spin z measurement ##\psi_{z +} = \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix}## and ##\psi_{z-} = \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}## and the corresponding probabilities are found by multiplying the state with the adjoint of the eigenspinor and then squaring. ##P_{z+} = 1/10## and ##P_{z-} = 9/10##

(c) I'm not sure how to tackle this, how do the measurements of spin-z effect the measurements of A?

Al I can think of is that in order to get the same measurement of A, the z component of the spins must have remained unchanged. The sum of two measurements of unchanged spin-z (1/10 * 1/10 + 9/10 * 9/10 = 41/50)

Thank you for any help you can give
 
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  • #2
What states will the electron be in after measuring the z-component and with what probabilities. What are the probabilities of measuring hbar/2 in the A-direction for those states?
 
  • #3
Orodruin said:
What states will the electron be in after measuring the z-component and with what probabilities. What are the probabilities of measuring hbar/2 in the A-direction for those states?

The electron will either be in the spin up or spin down states with probabilities 1/10 and 9/10 respectively.

The probability of measuring hbar/2 in the A direction for the spin up state is 1/10.

The probability of measuring hbar/2 in the A direction for the spin down state is 9/10.

Therefore, the overall probability is the sum of the two, i.e 41/50
 

Related to Spin measurements of an electron

1. What is the spin of an electron?

The spin of an electron is a fundamental property that describes its intrinsic angular momentum. It is often represented as an arrow pointing along the direction of the spin, and can have a value of either up or down.

2. How is the spin of an electron measured?

The spin of an electron can be measured using a technique called electron spin resonance (ESR) or electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). This involves applying a magnetic field and measuring the absorption or emission of electromagnetic radiation by the electron.

3. What is the significance of measuring the spin of an electron?

Measuring the spin of an electron is important in understanding the behavior of atoms and molecules, as well as in applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and quantum computing. It also provides valuable insights into the fundamental properties of matter.

4. Can the spin of an electron change?

Yes, the spin of an electron can change through interactions with other particles or through external forces such as magnetic fields. However, the spin of an electron is a conserved quantity, meaning it cannot be created or destroyed.

5. Are there any limitations to measuring the spin of an electron?

There are some limitations to measuring the spin of an electron, such as the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics. This states that the more precisely we know the spin of an electron, the less precisely we can know its position, and vice versa. Additionally, the measurement process itself can also affect the spin of an electron.

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