Special Relativity - Finding Velocity

In summary: However, the use of the length contraction formula is not necessary. The speed can be directly calculated using the time dilation formula, ##\gamma = \frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\beta^2}}##, where ##\gamma## is the time dilation factor. The speed is then given by ##\beta = \frac{1}{\gamma}##. Plugging in the known values, we get the same result of ##\beta = 3.31 \times 10^7 ms^{-1}##.
  • #1
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A spaceship is measured to be 50m long in it's own rest frame takes ##1.50 \times 10^{-6} s## to pass overhead, as measured by an observer on earth. What is its speed relative to earth?

My attempt at the solution involves the use of the equation for length contraction, ##l = l_{0}\sqrt{1 - \frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}##. I have calculated an answer that seems reasonable, but I don't know if the approach that I've taken is correct.

Solution:

##l = l_{0}\sqrt{1 - \frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}##, where ##l_{0} = 50m##, ##u = \frac{l}{t}## with respect to earth.
##l = l_{0}\sqrt{1 - \frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}}}##

##l^{2} = l_{0}^{2}(1 - \frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}})##

##\frac{1}{l_{0}^{2}}l^{2} + \frac{u^{2}}{c^{2}} = 1##

##\frac{l^{2}}{l_{0}^{2}} + \frac{l^{2}}{(tc)^{2}} = 1##

##\frac{l^{2}c^{2}t^{2} + l_{0}^{2}l^{2}}{l_{0}^{2}t^{2}c^{2}} = 1##

##l^{2}t^{2}c^{2} + l^{2}l_{0}^{2} = l_{0}^{2}t^{2}c^{2}##

Substituting in the known values of ##l_{0} = 50m## and ##t = 1.50 \times 10^{-6}##:

##l = 49.694m##

Therefore, the spaceship travels this length (which is its length with respect to the earth) in ##1.5 \times 10^{-6} s## with respect to the earth:

Speed = ##\frac{49.694m}{1.5 \times 10^{-6} s}##

## = 3.31 \times 10^{7}ms^{-1}##

If this is in fact correct, are there any other methods that I may have used to arrive at the same answer? (Those using very basic special relativity concepts, including time dilation and Lorentz transformations).

Thanks for any help and advise.
 
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  • #2
Looks right but complicated.
As seen from earth, the spaceship has a speed of ##\beta c## and a length contraction factor ##\gamma##, so we get ##t = \frac{l_0}{\beta \gamma}## or
$$t \beta c = l_0 \sqrt{1-\beta^2}$$
$$\frac{\beta}{\sqrt{1-\beta^2}} = \frac{l_0}{tc}$$
The right side is a known value (0.111) and you can directly solve the equation for β.

The result is the same.
 

Related to Special Relativity - Finding Velocity

1. What is special relativity?

Special relativity is a theory developed by Albert Einstein in 1905 to explain the relationship between space and time. It states that the laws of physics are the same for all observers in uniform motion and that the speed of light is constant.

2. How do you find the velocity in special relativity?

The velocity in special relativity can be found using the equation v = d/t, where v is the velocity, d is the distance traveled, and t is the time it takes. However, in special relativity, the concept of simultaneity is relative, so the velocity may appear different for different observers.

3. Can special relativity be applied to everyday situations?

Yes, special relativity has been proven to be accurate in many everyday situations, such as GPS systems, particle accelerators, and high-speed photography. It is also used in the development of technologies like nuclear power and medical imaging.

4. How does special relativity affect our understanding of time and space?

Special relativity states that time and space are not absolute, but rather are relative to the observer's frame of reference. This means that an event that appears simultaneous to one observer may not be simultaneous to another observer in a different frame of reference. It also predicts that time can appear to pass differently for different observers, depending on their relative motion.

5. What are some real-world applications of special relativity?

In addition to everyday technologies, special relativity also has implications for space travel and our understanding of the universe. It helps explain phenomena like time dilation and length contraction in objects moving at high speeds, and it is used in the development of theories like the Big Bang and black holes.

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