Solving Planetesimal Accretion: How Long Does It Take?

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In summary, the conversation discusses the equations and variables involved in estimating the time it takes for a planetesimal to grow to a certain radius through collisions with smaller particles. The equations dn/dt, dM/dt, and t are used to calculate the number of collisions per second, the rate of mass gain, and the time to grow to a certain radius, respectively. The conversation also mentions the assumption of constant ρN and V, and uses a value of ρN = 10-7 kg/m3 to estimate the time to accrete a body of 1,000 km radius.
  • #1
spinnaker
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Kinda stumped. The question gives three equations and I don't know what to do with them, because given the equations there's always more than one unknown. Any assistance/tips would be appreciated!

If a planetesimal has a cross-sectional area of πR2 (where R is the planetesimal's radius) and is sweeping through a cloud of smaller particles of fixed size with a velocity V, the number of collisions per second will be:

dn/dt = (πR2N)/m

where ρN=the space density (kg/m3) of particles in the cloud and m=the mass of each particle.

If each collision results in the target particles sticking to the planetesimal, the planetesimal will gain mass at a rate of

dM/dt = πR2N

where M=the planetesimal mass.

The time to grow to radius R is

t = (4R/V)/(ρPN)

where ρP=the density of the planetesimal itself. (Assume that ρN and V stay constant as particles are swept up.)

Assuming that a reasonable value for the density of accretable material in inner part of the early solar nebula is ρN = 10-7 kg/m3, estimate the time to accrete a body of 1,000 km radius. Assume a reasonable ρP.
 
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  • #2
Don't see your problem.
You are given an equation t=... and you know all the variables.
 
  • #3
That was a duplicate post. Solved in the other thread in Introductory Physics.

ehild
 

Related to Solving Planetesimal Accretion: How Long Does It Take?

1. What is planetesimal accretion and why is it important?

Planetesimal accretion is the process by which small particles in the early solar system collide and stick together to form larger objects, ultimately leading to the formation of planets. This process is important because it helps us understand the origins and evolution of our own solar system, as well as other planetary systems.

2. How long does it take for planetesimal accretion to occur?

The duration of planetesimal accretion can vary depending on various factors such as the size and composition of the particles, their relative velocities, and the density of the surrounding gas. However, it is estimated that this process can take anywhere from several hundred thousand to several million years to form planet-sized objects.

3. What methods do scientists use to study planetesimal accretion?

Scientists use a combination of laboratory experiments, computer simulations, and observations of other planetary systems to study planetesimal accretion. These methods allow us to recreate and observe the conditions of the early solar system and gain a better understanding of how planetesimals formed.

4. How does planetesimal accretion relate to the formation of habitable planets?

Planetesimal accretion plays a crucial role in the formation of habitable planets. Without this process, rocky, Earth-like planets would not have been able to form. Additionally, the rate and efficiency of planetesimal accretion can affect the final composition and stability of a planet's atmosphere, which is important for supporting life.

5. Are there any challenges or uncertainties in studying planetesimal accretion?

Yes, there are several challenges and uncertainties in studying planetesimal accretion. One of the main challenges is the lack of direct observations of this process in action. Additionally, the conditions and dynamics of the early solar system are not fully understood, making it difficult to accurately model and simulate planetesimal accretion. However, ongoing research and technological advancements continue to improve our understanding of this important process.

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