Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) is a type of periodic motion where the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position and always directed towards the equilibrium position.
The equilibrium position is the point at which the net force acting on the object is zero, and the object is at rest. In SHM, this is the point where the displacement is zero, and the restoring force is at its maximum.
The formula for position in SHM is given by x = A * cos(ωt + φ), where x is the position, A is the amplitude, ω is the angular frequency, and φ is the phase constant.
The period of SHM is the time taken for one complete oscillation, while the frequency is the number of oscillations per second. The relationship between period (T) and frequency (f) is given by T = 1/f.
The amplitude, angular frequency, mass, and spring constant are the main factors that affect the position in SHM. A larger amplitude results in a larger displacement, a higher angular frequency results in a faster oscillation, and a higher mass and spring constant result in a smaller displacement.