Simple harmonic motion is a type of periodic motion where the restoring force is proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position and always acts towards the equilibrium position. This results in a back-and-forth motion around the equilibrium point.
In simple harmonic motion, the acceleration is directly proportional to the displacement from the equilibrium position and always directed towards the equilibrium point. This means that as the object moves further from the equilibrium point, the acceleration increases, and as it gets closer to the equilibrium point, the acceleration decreases.
The maximum acceleration in simple harmonic motion occurs at the equilibrium point, where the displacement is zero. This is because there is no restoring force acting on the object at the equilibrium point, so the acceleration is solely determined by the initial conditions of the motion.
The minimum acceleration in simple harmonic motion occurs at the maximum displacement from the equilibrium point. At this point, the restoring force is at its maximum and is directed towards the equilibrium point, causing the acceleration to decrease until it reaches zero at the equilibrium point.
The maximum and minimum accelerations in simple harmonic motion are affected by the amplitude of the motion, the mass of the object, and the spring constant of the restoring force. A larger amplitude, smaller mass, and larger spring constant will result in a higher maximum acceleration and a lower minimum acceleration.