Show that potential energy is conserved

[gelfand]

Homework Statement

potential energy function of :

$$
U(x) = 4x^2 + 3
$$

And have to

i) Work out the equation of motion

ii) Prove explicitly that the total energy is conserved

Homework Equations

$$
F = \frac{dU}{dt}
$$

The Attempt at a Solution

I'm not too sure how to go about this.

I would say that I have the force of

$$
F = 8x
$$

By differentiating the given potential energy function. I need to work out the
equation of motion, what I have an object with mass ##m##.

So this means that I have

$$
F = 8x = ma
$$

Then I have that

$$
a = \frac{8x}{m}
$$

Is this an equation of motion? I mean, it's acceleration, or should I find for
##v(t)## and ##x(t)## as well as this?

In which case I would have

$$
v(t) = \int a(t) dt
$$

Which in this case is found as (having the mass in the equation seems unusual?)

$$
v(t) = v_0 + \frac{1}{2m}8x^2 = v_0 + \frac{4}{m} x^2
$$So then from this I have that

$$
x(t) = x_0 + v_0t + \frac{4}{3m}x^3
$$

And this would be all of the equations of motion for this 1D case?

Then I need to prove that energy is conserved here, and I've no idea how to go
about that.

I've not been given any frictional forces, so it seems like it's just a given
that I'm going to have

$$
W + PE_0 + KE_0 =
PE_f + KE_f + \text{Energy(Lost)}
$$

Here I can remove work ##W## and the energy lost for

$$
PE_0 + KE_0 =
PE_f + KE_f
$$

And I need to do something with these?

Potential energy - I have the potential energy function given as part of the
problem which is

$$
U(x) =
4x^2 + 3
$$

Then I can sub this into the energy expression as
$$
4x_0^2 + 3
+ KE_0 =
4x_f^2 + 3
+ KE_f
$$

Getting rid of the constants seems pretty harmless

$$
4x_0^2
+ KE_0 =
4x_f^2
+ KE_f
$$

Now I'm really not sure what I should do from here, sub in kinetic formulas of
##K = \frac{1}{2}mv^2##?

$$
4x_0^2
+
\frac{1}{2}mv_0^2
=
4x_f^2
+
\frac{1}{2}mv_f^2
$$

I'm not sure if I can arrange this to be 'nicer' in any way either, I'm purely
thinking in algebra at the moment though not physics :S$$
8(x_0^2 - x_f^2) =
m(v_f^2 - v_0^2)
$$

I'm not sure if differentiation should do anything nice here, but I really have
no idea what I'm doing with this.

Thanks

 

[haruspex]

2. Homework Equations ##F = \frac{dU}{dt}##

Dividing energy by time gives power, not force.

 

[gelfand]

Dividing energy by time gives power, not force.

OK ##F = - \frac{dU}{dx}## sorry , I'm still unsure about the question

 

[haruspex]

OK ##F = - \frac{dU}{dx}## sorry , I'm still unsure about the question

You got a=8x/m ok, but you cannot integrate that wrt t directly. The expression you got for v(t) was the integral wrt x (which just gets you back to U).

There is a useful trick for solving equations like ##\ddot x=f(x)##. Multiply both sides by ##\dot x##, then integrate dt.