Shearing force in a beam is the force that is applied parallel to the cross-sectional area of the beam, causing it to deform or break. It is also known as transverse force.
Normal force in a beam is the force that is applied perpendicular to the cross-sectional area of the beam. It is also known as axial force.
Shearing and normal forces can cause bending, twisting, and deflection of a beam. They can also lead to failure or collapse of the beam if they exceed its strength capacity.
The main difference between shearing and normal forces is their direction of application. Shearing force is applied parallel to the surface of the beam, while normal force is applied perpendicular to the surface.
Shear stress is the force per unit area that is caused by shearing force, while normal stress is the force per unit area that is caused by normal force. In a beam, shear stress and normal stress are related to shearing and normal forces through the beam's cross-sectional area.