Separation of solid mixture by extraction

In summary, the conversation is asking about the separation of a solid mixture by extraction and how to determine what reacts with what and which layer contains what. An example is given of a mixture of phenol and salicylic acid being dissolved in diethyl ether and mixed with sodium bicarbonate. The question is posed about what the aqueous and ether layers would contain, and additional information is provided about the acid/base chemistry of phenol and salicylic acid. Further questions are asked about the pH of the sodium bicarbonate solution and the fraction of phenol and salicylic acid that would be ionized at this pH.
  • #1
jnimagine
178
0
Hi,
I have a question about separation of solid mixture by extraction.
so how can you tell what reacts with what and which layer contains what?
k for example, if you have a mixture of phenol and salicylic acid, first the mixture is dissolved in diethyl ether... then the solution is mixed with sodium bicarbonate. What does aqueous and ether layer contain?
 
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  • #2


Not sure if phenol acts like an acid or a base; but salicylic acid can be neutralized so then its salt would not be soluble in diethyl ether. Someone else, who knows the acid/base chemistry of phenol would have to give further remarks about this.
 
  • #3


Phenol is weakly acidic with pKa 9.9, while salicylic acid has (first) pKa 3.0. What is pH of the sodium bicarbonate solution? What fraction of phenol will be ionized at this pH? And of salicylic acid?
 

Related to Separation of solid mixture by extraction

1. What is extraction in the context of separating solid mixtures?

Extraction is a process used to separate one or more substances from a mixture by selectively dissolving them in a solvent. This method is commonly used for separating solid mixtures, as different substances have different solubilities in different solvents.

2. How does extraction work to separate solid mixtures?

During extraction, the solid mixture is mixed with a solvent that will dissolve one or more of the substances in the mixture. The mixture is then agitated, allowing the substances to separate into different layers. The layers can be separated and the solvent can be evaporated, leaving behind the desired substance.

3. What factors affect the success of extraction for separating solid mixtures?

The success of extraction depends on factors such as the solubility of the substances in the mixture, the choice of solvent, and the temperature and agitation used during the process. These factors can affect the speed and efficiency of the separation.

4. What are some common solvents used for extraction in separating solid mixtures?

Commonly used solvents for extraction include water, ethanol, acetone, and hexane. The choice of solvent depends on the properties of the substances being separated, such as their polarity and solubility.

5. What are some applications of extraction in separating solid mixtures?

Extraction is used in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, and environmental science, for separating solid mixtures. It can be used to extract compounds from natural sources, purify chemicals, and remove contaminants from samples.

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