- #1
tramar
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When Rontgen discovered x-rays in 1895, was he witnessing K-shell emission or Brehmsstrahlung radiation?
In summary, the conversation discusses the discovery of x-rays by Rontgen in 1895 and whether they were produced by K-shell emission or Brehmsstrahlung radiation. It is concluded that both processes can occur, but the specific type of radiation seen depends on the energy of the cathode rays and the K-shell energy of aluminum. Additionally, it is mentioned that Rontgen named them "X rays" due to their unknown nature.
- #2
jtbell
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I don't have a definite answer, but I think I know what you need to look for.
From Yale: An Historical Overview of the Discovery of the X-Ray
From this, it appears that in Röntgen's Lenard tube, the X-rays were produced by cathode rays (electrons) impinging on an aluminum sheet ("window") in the wall of the tube.
If the electron energy is above the K-shell ionization energy for aluminum, then it can kick out a K-shell electron, and you can have K-shell emission.
So you need to find out the K-shell energy for aluminum, and the voltage on Röntgen's Lenard tube (which gives you the energy of the electrons in eV).
Below the K-shell energy, it can be only bremsstrahlung. Above that energy, both processes can take place.
By a strange coincidence, last week, while traveling through Germany, I stood outside the building in Würzburg where Röntgen made his discovery. Unfortunately, the museum inside was closed that day.
From Yale: An Historical Overview of the Discovery of the X-Ray
From this, it appears that in Röntgen's Lenard tube, the X-rays were produced by cathode rays (electrons) impinging on an aluminum sheet ("window") in the wall of the tube.
If the electron energy is above the K-shell ionization energy for aluminum, then it can kick out a K-shell electron, and you can have K-shell emission.
So you need to find out the K-shell energy for aluminum, and the voltage on Röntgen's Lenard tube (which gives you the energy of the electrons in eV).
Below the K-shell energy, it can be only bremsstrahlung. Above that energy, both processes can take place.
By a strange coincidence, last week, while traveling through Germany, I stood outside the building in Würzburg where Röntgen made his discovery. Unfortunately, the museum inside was closed that day.
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- #3
Dadface
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If you look at a typical X ray spectrum you will see that it consists of the discrete K,L etc lines superimposed upon a smoothly varying bremmstrahlung background and that most of the energy emitted is in the form of bremmstrahlung.I think Rontgen called them X rays because he didn't know what they were and so he used X, the symbol for the unknown.
- #4
jtbell
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Right, in general you have both effects. But if the cathode-ray energy was low enough, then Röntgen would have seen only bremsstrahlung.
Related to Rontgen's discovery of x-rays - question
What is Rontgen's discovery of x-rays?
Rontgen's discovery of x-rays refers to the groundbreaking discovery of electromagnetic radiation by German physicist Wilhelm Rontgen in 1895. This discovery revolutionized the fields of medicine and physics, allowing for the visualization of internal structures and the study of the properties of x-rays.
How did Rontgen discover x-rays?
Rontgen discovered x-rays while experimenting with cathode ray tubes, a type of vacuum tube that produces a beam of electrons. He noticed that when the tube was covered in a black cardboard, a fluorescent screen nearby would glow. He then placed various objects between the tube and the screen and found that the screen still glowed, revealing that some invisible rays were passing through the objects.
What are the uses of x-rays?
X-rays have a wide range of uses in various fields, including medicine, airport security, and manufacturing. They are commonly used in medical imaging to visualize bones and soft tissues, diagnose medical conditions, and guide surgical procedures. X-rays are also used in security scanners to detect hidden objects and in industrial settings to inspect materials and products for defects.
Are x-rays harmful?
X-rays can be harmful in large doses, as they can cause damage to cells and tissues. However, the risk of harm from medical x-rays is minimal, as the amount of radiation used is carefully controlled and monitored. It is important to limit exposure to x-rays by following safety protocols and only undergoing necessary procedures prescribed by a doctor.
What advancements have been made since Rontgen's discovery of x-rays?
Since Rontgen's discovery, there have been numerous advancements in the field of x-ray technology. These include the development of different types of x-ray machines, such as computed tomography (CT) scanners and digital radiography, which produce more detailed and precise images. There have also been advancements in radiation protection and safety measures, as well as the use of x-rays in new and innovative ways, such as in cancer treatment and materials science research.
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