The neutrino polarization refers to the direction in which the neutrino's spin is oriented. This can either be in the same direction as its momentum (right-handed polarization) or in the opposite direction (left-handed polarization).
Neutrino oscillation is a phenomenon in which a neutrino changes from one type (flavor) to another as it travels through space. This is possible because neutrinos have mass, and their different flavors are actually different combinations of three mass states.
Neutrino polarization does not directly affect oscillation. However, it can affect the probability of a neutrino changing its flavor during oscillation. This is because the polarization determines the initial state of the neutrino, which can impact its likelihood of changing to a different flavor.
Mass polarization is the difference in polarization between the three mass states of neutrinos. This can play a role in neutrino oscillation because it can influence the relative probabilities of each mass state changing to a different flavor as the neutrino travels through space.
Scientists study neutrino polarization and oscillation through experiments such as particle accelerators, nuclear reactors, and neutrino detectors. They measure the properties of neutrinos, such as their energies and flavors, as well as their interactions with matter in order to better understand these phenomena.