- #1
mkkrnfoo85
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Hello,
I am trying to make two single-layer air cored coils in order to transfer power from one coil to other through mutual inductance. I've had a really tough time trying to come up with some theoretical guidelines for my experimentation. For example, I've found empirical equations describing how to measure the inductance of single layer air cored coils:
(1)[tex]\frac{0.001*N^{2}*r^{2}}{228*r+254*l)}[/tex]
N = # of turns
r = coil radius (m)
l = coil length (m)
(l must be > 0.8r for this equation to be reasonably accurate)
I've found other conceptual information about needing to find the "self-resonant" frequency of the coil, in order to maximize the power transfer. This has something to do with the balance of the reactance of the ideal inductor (the coil) (w*L), which is in parallel with a "stray" capacitance developed between each turn of the coil (-1/(w*C)). From having those two things in parallel, there is a maximum frequency of the ac current that can be found.
I think using Eq. (1) to find the inductance of the coil is pretty straightforward. What is hard is finding the "stray" capacitance. I found another paper describing how this stray capacitance is found for a solenoid type coil, as mine is. The equations are:
[tex]C_{tt} = \frac{\pi*2r*\epsilon_{0}}{\ln(\frac{p}{2w_r}+\sqrt{{(\frac{p}{2w_r}})^{2}-1})}[/tex]
r = coil radius (m)
p = pitch (distance between the centerlines of two adjacent coils) (m)
w = wire radius (it's gauge, basically) (m)
e_0 = permittivity constant ~ 8.85*10^-12 F/m
That gives you the turn-to-turn capacitance.
You then input that value into another equation that gives you the total stray capacitance:
[tex]C_{total} = \frac{C_{tt}}{N-1}[/tex]
N = # of turns.
It is kind of hard to find the pitch value of the wire, because that takes into account the insulation thickness of the wire, which is a very small value for magnet wire.
Skipping all this theory, I tried just making two arbitrary coils, kind of keeping the # of turns in mind, and powered the primary coil with a function generator. I then put a secondary coil as part of a simple "diode bridge and filtering capacitor" set up to convert ac to dc, and put an LED as the load. I used the function generator on the primary coild and played around with the frequency until it maximized the voltage reading on the secondary coil. The maximum frequency came out to ~1.5 MHz. I think I can call this the "self-resonant" frequency of at one (or both?) of the coils? For the primary coil, I used a coil radius = .0305 m, coil length = .061 m, and 65 turns. For the secondary coil, I used coil radius = .0135 m, coil length = .027 m, and 70 turns. Different gauge wires were used (awg 18 and 26, respectively. The coils were placed upright ~1-2 cm from each other, and it barely lit the LED. I'm using a 20 V function generator, and I am able to get a induced voltage difference on the secondary coil close to about 14 V rms. However, I am confused on why the current (or at least, I think the current is the problem here) is so low going into the LED.
Here is a short list of questions and concerns I had about my experimentation:
(1) How do I increase the current going to the LED? I feel like I am getting maybe fractions of milliAmps going to the LED. I've tried decreasing the turns on the secondary circuit, because I thought it would increase the current (due to the rule, I1*V1 = I2*V2) going to the LED, but it doesn't seem to do much to the LED.
(2) I am currently finding this "maximizing frequency" between the coils just manually experimenting with the function generator. Is there some sort of - relatively simple to understand - equation or conceptual knowledge that can help me determine this maximizing frequency between coils?
(3) Would I be able to increase the current on the secondary circuit by hooking up two coils on the secondary side, and trying to bring current to the LED from two different diode bridge set ups?
(4) I would preferably want a voltage between 5-15 V, and a current of 50-150 mA going through my secondary circuit load, in order to power a small motor. Is this feasible with mutual inductance?
(5) I would be so grateful for any additional guidance on how to get more power into my secondary load through mutual inductance.
Thanks in advance.
Mark p.s.
Sorry about such a long post. I don't know whether that information on equations will be all that useful for the reader.
I am trying to make two single-layer air cored coils in order to transfer power from one coil to other through mutual inductance. I've had a really tough time trying to come up with some theoretical guidelines for my experimentation. For example, I've found empirical equations describing how to measure the inductance of single layer air cored coils:
(1)[tex]\frac{0.001*N^{2}*r^{2}}{228*r+254*l)}[/tex]
N = # of turns
r = coil radius (m)
l = coil length (m)
(l must be > 0.8r for this equation to be reasonably accurate)
I've found other conceptual information about needing to find the "self-resonant" frequency of the coil, in order to maximize the power transfer. This has something to do with the balance of the reactance of the ideal inductor (the coil) (w*L), which is in parallel with a "stray" capacitance developed between each turn of the coil (-1/(w*C)). From having those two things in parallel, there is a maximum frequency of the ac current that can be found.
I think using Eq. (1) to find the inductance of the coil is pretty straightforward. What is hard is finding the "stray" capacitance. I found another paper describing how this stray capacitance is found for a solenoid type coil, as mine is. The equations are:
[tex]C_{tt} = \frac{\pi*2r*\epsilon_{0}}{\ln(\frac{p}{2w_r}+\sqrt{{(\frac{p}{2w_r}})^{2}-1})}[/tex]
r = coil radius (m)
p = pitch (distance between the centerlines of two adjacent coils) (m)
w = wire radius (it's gauge, basically) (m)
e_0 = permittivity constant ~ 8.85*10^-12 F/m
That gives you the turn-to-turn capacitance.
You then input that value into another equation that gives you the total stray capacitance:
[tex]C_{total} = \frac{C_{tt}}{N-1}[/tex]
N = # of turns.
It is kind of hard to find the pitch value of the wire, because that takes into account the insulation thickness of the wire, which is a very small value for magnet wire.
Skipping all this theory, I tried just making two arbitrary coils, kind of keeping the # of turns in mind, and powered the primary coil with a function generator. I then put a secondary coil as part of a simple "diode bridge and filtering capacitor" set up to convert ac to dc, and put an LED as the load. I used the function generator on the primary coild and played around with the frequency until it maximized the voltage reading on the secondary coil. The maximum frequency came out to ~1.5 MHz. I think I can call this the "self-resonant" frequency of at one (or both?) of the coils? For the primary coil, I used a coil radius = .0305 m, coil length = .061 m, and 65 turns. For the secondary coil, I used coil radius = .0135 m, coil length = .027 m, and 70 turns. Different gauge wires were used (awg 18 and 26, respectively. The coils were placed upright ~1-2 cm from each other, and it barely lit the LED. I'm using a 20 V function generator, and I am able to get a induced voltage difference on the secondary coil close to about 14 V rms. However, I am confused on why the current (or at least, I think the current is the problem here) is so low going into the LED.
Here is a short list of questions and concerns I had about my experimentation:
(1) How do I increase the current going to the LED? I feel like I am getting maybe fractions of milliAmps going to the LED. I've tried decreasing the turns on the secondary circuit, because I thought it would increase the current (due to the rule, I1*V1 = I2*V2) going to the LED, but it doesn't seem to do much to the LED.
(2) I am currently finding this "maximizing frequency" between the coils just manually experimenting with the function generator. Is there some sort of - relatively simple to understand - equation or conceptual knowledge that can help me determine this maximizing frequency between coils?
(3) Would I be able to increase the current on the secondary circuit by hooking up two coils on the secondary side, and trying to bring current to the LED from two different diode bridge set ups?
(4) I would preferably want a voltage between 5-15 V, and a current of 50-150 mA going through my secondary circuit load, in order to power a small motor. Is this feasible with mutual inductance?
(5) I would be so grateful for any additional guidance on how to get more power into my secondary load through mutual inductance.
Thanks in advance.
Mark p.s.
Sorry about such a long post. I don't know whether that information on equations will be all that useful for the reader.
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