Michelson interferometer - maxima and minima

In summary, the phenomenon of maxima and minima in a Michelson interferometer is caused by the wave being reflected at a surface of higher refractive index, resulting in a λ/2 phase change. Maxima occur when 2dcosθ = (n+1/2)λ, while minima occur when 2dcosθ = nλ.
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Anabelle37
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URGENT! michelson interferometer - maxima and minima

Homework Statement



If a wave is reflected at a surface of a plate with higher refractive index (eg. At air glass or air-metal) it suffers a λ/2 phase change. Show that for the interferometer, maxima will occur for 2dcosθ = (n+1/2)λ and minima for 2dcosθ = nλ.

Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution



When the path length difference is zero or an integer multiple of the wavelength, the waves arrive at a common point exactly in phase and they interfere fully constructively there. This is seen by the bright fringes, so maxima occur when 2dcosθ = nλ (n=0,1,2...) (1)
But because the wave is reflected at a surface of a plate with higher refractive index, it suffers a λ/2 phase change. So equation (1) becomes 2dcosθ = nλ + λ/2 = (n+1/2)λ (2)

However, when the path length difference is an odd multiple of half the wavelength, the waves arrive at a common point exactly out of phase and they interfere fully destructively there. This is seen by the dark fringes, so minima occur when 2dcosθ = (n+1/2)λ (3)
But because the wave is reflected at a surface of a plate with higher refractive index, it suffers a λ/2 phase change. So equation (3) becomes 2dcosθ = (n+1)λ (4)

Equation 4 is not correct so I don't know if I'm going about it the right way??
PLEASE HELP!
 
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  • #2


If n ranges over all integers, so does n+1. Your equation is completely equivalent to the formula you were looking to derive.
 

Related to Michelson interferometer - maxima and minima

1. What is a Michelson interferometer?

A Michelson interferometer is an optical instrument that uses the principle of interference to measure small differences in the wavelength of light. It consists of a beam splitter, two mirrors, and a detector, and is commonly used in scientific research and engineering applications.

2. How does a Michelson interferometer work?

The Michelson interferometer works by splitting a beam of light into two paths, one reflected by a mirror and the other transmitted through the beam splitter. The two paths are then recombined and the resulting interference pattern is detected by a detector. The interference pattern changes as the path lengths are altered, allowing for precise measurements of small changes in wavelength.

3. What is the purpose of measuring maxima and minima in a Michelson interferometer?

The maxima and minima in a Michelson interferometer represent the points of constructive and destructive interference, respectively. By measuring these points, scientists can accurately determine the difference in the path lengths of the two light beams, which is crucial for various applications such as measuring the refractive index of materials or detecting small movements.

4. How is a Michelson interferometer used in practical applications?

A Michelson interferometer is used in a wide range of applications, including measuring the speed of light, detecting gravitational waves, and determining the refractive index of gases. It is also commonly used in interferometry-based techniques such as Fourier transform spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography.

5. What are some advantages of using a Michelson interferometer?

One of the main advantages of a Michelson interferometer is its high precision and sensitivity in measuring small changes in path length. It is also a relatively simple and versatile instrument that can be easily adapted for different applications. Additionally, it can be used with a wide range of light sources, making it a valuable tool for many scientific fields.

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