The magnetic field B is a vector quantity that describes the strength and direction of the magnetic force on a charged particle. The field H, also known as the magnetic field intensity, is a vector quantity that describes the strength of the magnetic field produced by a magnet or current-carrying wire.
The magnetic field B and the field H are related by the permeability of the medium in which they exist. The relationship is given by B = μH, where μ is the permeability of the medium. In free space, μ is equal to a constant value, known as the permeability of free space, μ0.
The magnetic field B and the field H cannot be measured directly. Instead, they are usually measured indirectly by using a magnetic compass or a device called a magnetometer. These instruments detect the presence and strength of a magnetic field by measuring the force it exerts on a magnet or a current-carrying wire.
Materials can have different responses to magnetic fields depending on their magnetic properties. In diamagnetic materials, the magnetic field B and the field H have no effect, while in paramagnetic materials, they align the atomic dipoles with the field. In ferromagnetic materials, the magnetic field B and the field H can induce strong permanent magnetization.
Yes, the magnetic field B and the field H have different applications. For example, the field H is used in the design of electric motors and generators, while the magnetic field B is used in medical imaging devices such as MRI machines. Both fields are also used in various industrial and scientific applications, such as particle accelerators and magnetic levitation systems.