During a sunset, the sun's rays have to travel through more of the Earth's atmosphere to reach our eyes. This causes the shorter blue and green wavelengths to scatter, leaving only the longer red wavelengths to reach our eyes and create the red hue in the sky.
The amount of dust, pollution, and clouds in the atmosphere can affect the colors we see during a sunset. These particles can scatter the light in different ways, causing the sunset to appear more red or less red depending on the conditions.
Areas near the equator tend to have more vibrant sunsets due to the angle of the sun's rays passing through the atmosphere. The tilt of the Earth also plays a role, as the angle of the sun's rays can change depending on the time of year and location.
The varying colors in a sunset can be attributed to the different layers of the Earth's atmosphere. As the sun's rays pass through these layers, they interact with different particles and gases, causing the different colors to appear in the sky.
When the sun is at a low angle in the sky, it may appear more reddish or orange. As it continues to set, the angle changes and the remaining sunlight has to pass through more of the Earth's atmosphere, causing the red and orange colors to dissipate and leaving the purplish hues behind.