An electric field is a force field that surrounds a charged object. It is created by the presence of electric charges and can exert a force on other charged objects within its range.
Electric fields are calculated using the equation E = kQ/r^2, where E is the electric field strength, k is the Coulomb's constant, Q is the charge of the object, and r is the distance from the object to the point at which the field is being measured.
If there are multiple charges present, the electric field is the sum of the individual fields created by each charge. The direction and strength of the resulting field will depend on the location and magnitude of the charges.
Electric fields are often depicted using field lines, which show the direction and strength of the field. For a spherical object, the field lines will originate from the center and radiate outwards in all directions, showing the symmetrical nature of the field.
Electric fields and spheres are related to potential energy through the concept of electric potential. The electric potential at a point is the amount of potential energy per unit charge at that point. In a uniform electric field, the potential decreases as the distance from the charged object increases.