Transverse waves move perpendicular to the direction of the wave, while longitudinal waves move parallel to the direction of the wave.
This concept is known as wave-particle duality, which states that light can exhibit characteristics of both a wave and a particle depending on the experimental conditions.
Diffraction is the bending of waves around obstacles, while refraction is the change in direction of waves as they pass through different mediums.
Yes, waves can be polarized, meaning their oscillations are restricted to a single plane. This can occur through reflection or transmission through certain materials.
Lenses use refraction to bend light and focus it onto a point, creating an image. Convex lenses converge light, while concave lenses diverge light.