How are neutrinos distributed in the universe?

In summary, the conversation discusses the distribution and behavior of neutrinos in the universe. It is mentioned that neutrinos do not conglomerate in galaxies due to their high speed, and that they are generally distributed uniformly in the universe. The possibility of gravitational clustering for primordial neutrinos is also mentioned. The participants also discuss the challenges of detecting the cosmic neutrino background and mention the proposed PTOLEMY experiment. They also mention the different types and energy ranges of neutrinos from different sources.
  • #1
newjerseyrunner
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@mfb mentioned in a thread about dark matter how neutrinos don't conglomerate in galaxies and it got me wondering where they are. Considering that they move at nearly the speed of light, I understand why they couldn't be captured by galaxies, but what about large scale structures? Do neutrinos pool in dense pockets of the universe, or are they more or less uniform? Google doesn't provide me with any links.
 
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  • #2
Unless you are close to a source (e. g. in a planetary system), the distribution of neutrinos from nuclear reactions is very uniform. The neutrinos are just too fast to be affected by gravity in any relevant way.
Primordial neutrinos might get slower today, but that depends on their unknown masses.
 
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  • #3
Neutrinos are too 'hot' to clump by any known mechanism. A black hole might work, but, black holes have an annoying propensity to deconstruct things they capture. Neutrinos are strongly antisocial, they pass through other matter with great alacrity making it exceedingly difficult to slow them down.
 
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  • #4
The distribution is highly uniform still, as the others above have mentioned. There are difficulties detecting the cosmic neutrino background directly, however, as the temperature of the neutrinos is currently about 1.95K. The Wikipedia article on the subject may be informative:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_neutrino_background
 
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  • #6
PTOLEMY is a proposed experiment to detect the cosmic neutrino background, together with a highly accurate mass measurement. Clustering is also mentioned there.
 
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  • #7
mfb said:
PTOLEMY is a proposed experiment to detect the cosmic neutrino background, together with a highly accurate mass measurement. Clustering is also mentioned there.
How can they distinguish between relic, sun made and man made neutrinos? I guess our nuclear power plants also create a lot of them. (Sorry if this question is stupid or explained in the article.)
 
  • #8
mfb said:
PTOLEMY is a proposed experiment to detect the cosmic neutrino background, together with a highly accurate mass measurement. Clustering is also mentioned there.
They only mention clustering in passing and cite the study I linked to, which is focused on gravitational clustering.
 
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  • #9
fresh_42 said:
How can they distinguish between relic, sun made and man made neutrinos? I guess our nuclear power plants also create a lot of them. (Sorry if this question is stupid or explained in the article.)
All of these have very different energy ranges and/or concentration depending on the placement of your detector.
 
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  • #10
Orodruin said:
All of these have very different energy ranges and/or concentration depending on the placement of your detector.
And type. Fission-related neutrinos are antineutrinos which don't induce tritium decay. All other sources of man-made neutrinos are irrelevant unless you build your detector deliberately in a neutrino beam (like OPERA for example) - but those have GeV energies, compared to the meV energies of cosmic background neutrinos.
 
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Related to How are neutrinos distributed in the universe?

What are neutrinos?

Neutrinos are tiny, electrically neutral particles that have a very small mass. They are one of the fundamental particles that make up the universe and are a key component of the Standard Model of particle physics.

How are neutrinos created in the universe?

Neutrinos are created in a variety of astrophysical processes, such as nuclear reactions in stars, supernovae explosions, and high-energy collisions between cosmic rays and atoms in the upper atmosphere.

How are neutrinos distributed in the universe?

Neutrinos are distributed throughout the universe in a process known as cosmic homogeneity. This means that they are evenly distributed on a large scale, with a density of about 300 neutrinos per cubic centimeter.

Why are neutrinos difficult to detect?

Neutrinos are difficult to detect because they interact very weakly with matter. They can pass through most materials, including the Earth, without interacting at all. This makes them challenging to detect and study.

What can we learn from studying the distribution of neutrinos in the universe?

Studying the distribution of neutrinos can provide valuable insights into the origins and evolution of the universe. It can also help us understand the properties of neutrinos, such as their mass and oscillation patterns, which can have implications for our understanding of particle physics and the laws of nature.

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