Hamiltonian in cylindrical coordinates

In summary, the conversation is about finding the Hamiltonian for a system using cylindrical coordinates. The Lagrangian is used to derive the Hamiltonian, which is found to be different from the standard answer. The error was due to not considering the definition of momentum in cylindrical coordinates.
  • #1
Piano man
75
0
Hi, I'm trying to find the Hamiltonian for a system using cylindrical coordinates.

I start of with the Lagrangian [tex] L=\frac{1}{2}m(\dot{r}^2+r^2\dot{\theta}^2+\dot{z}^2)-U(r,\theta,z) [/tex]

From that, using [tex]H=\sum p\dot{q}-L[/tex]
[tex]=p_r\dot{r}+p_\theta\dot{\theta}+p_z\dot{z}-\frac{1}{2}m(\dot{r}^2+r^2\dot{\theta}^2+\dot{z}^2)+U(r,\theta,z)[/tex]
[tex]=\frac{1}{m}(p_r^2+p_\theta^2+p_z^2)-\frac{1}{2m}(p_r^2+p_\theta^2r^2+p_z^2)+U(r,\theta,z)[/tex]
[tex]=\frac{1}{2m}[p_r^2+(2-r^2)p_\theta^2+p_z^2]+U(r,\theta,z)[/tex]

But the standard answer is
[tex]H=\frac{1}{2m}(p_r^2+\frac{p_\theta^2}{r^2}+p_z^2)+U(r,\theta,z)[/tex]

So where did I go wrong?

Thanks for any help :)
 
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  • #2
What did you use for pθ?

Don't forget that

[tex]p_j= \frac{\partial L}{\partial \dot{q}_j}.[/tex]
 
  • #3
Ah, of course!
Kind of obvious really...
:redface:

Thanks for the help :)
 

Related to Hamiltonian in cylindrical coordinates

1. What is the Hamiltonian in cylindrical coordinates?

The Hamiltonian in cylindrical coordinates is a mathematical function that describes the energy of a system in terms of its position and momentum. It is used in classical mechanics to predict the future behavior of a physical system.

2. How is the Hamiltonian in cylindrical coordinates different from the Hamiltonian in Cartesian coordinates?

The main difference between the Hamiltonian in cylindrical coordinates and Cartesian coordinates is the use of different coordinate systems. In cylindrical coordinates, the position of a point is described using the distance from the origin, the angle from a fixed reference direction, and the height above a fixed plane. In contrast, Cartesian coordinates use the x, y, and z axes to describe position.

3. What are the advantages of using cylindrical coordinates for the Hamiltonian?

There are several advantages to using cylindrical coordinates for the Hamiltonian. One advantage is that it simplifies the description of systems with cylindrical symmetry, such as a rotating cylinder or a particle moving along a curved path. Additionally, cylindrical coordinates can make it easier to solve certain problems, as they often result in simpler equations compared to Cartesian coordinates.

4. How is the Hamiltonian in cylindrical coordinates derived?

The Hamiltonian in cylindrical coordinates is derived from the Lagrangian, which is a function that describes the dynamics of a system. The Lagrangian is then converted into the Hamiltonian by using a mathematical transformation called the Legendre transformation. This transformation converts the Lagrangian into a different form that is more suitable for solving problems in classical mechanics.

5. Can the Hamiltonian in cylindrical coordinates be used for any physical system?

The Hamiltonian in cylindrical coordinates is a general mathematical function, and can be used for any physical system that can be described using cylindrical symmetry. However, it may not be the most suitable coordinate system for certain systems, and in those cases, other coordinate systems may be used to describe the system's dynamics.

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