Formation of hydrates from ionic compounds

In summary, the question is why some ionic compounds form hydrates while others do not when dissolved in solution. The answer lies in the size and charge of the ions present. In the case of sodium fluoride, the larger size and lower charge (+1) of the sodium ion prevent it from forming hydrates in solution. On the other hand, the smaller size and higher charge (+3) of the aluminum ion allow it to form hydrates (with 6 water molecules attached) when dissolved in solution. This is due to the polar nature of water and the Coulombic attraction between charged particles.
  • #1
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Homework Statement



Not really much of a problem - just a general question and some speculation on its answer.

Why do some ionic compounds such as aluminum fluoride form hydrates while other ionic compounds such as sodium fluoride don't form hydrates upon being dissolved in solution?

Homework Equations



Water is a polar molecule.
Coulombic attraction. Attraction (q) is inversely proportional to the distance between the radii of the two charged particles.

The Attempt at a Solution



I'm guessing this is due to the fact that sodium is a much bigger molecule than aluminium and sodium has only a +1 charge while aluminium has a +3 charge. These two factors cause aluminum ions in solution to form aluminium hydrate (aluminium with 6 water molecules attached) while sodium doesn't do anything in solution; it stays as an ion.
 
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  • #2
This is more about water creating complexes (being a ligand).
 

Related to Formation of hydrates from ionic compounds

What are hydrates?

Hydrates are ionic compounds that contain water molecules that are loosely bonded to the compound's crystal lattice structure.

How are hydrates formed?

Hydrates are formed when an ionic compound is dissolved in water, and the water molecules surround the individual ions, forming weak bonds with them.

What factors affect the formation of hydrates?

The formation of hydrates can be affected by temperature, pressure, and the concentration of the ionic compound in the solution.

What is the significance of hydrates in chemistry?

Hydrates play an important role in many chemical reactions and processes because they can alter the physical and chemical properties of ionic compounds, making them more reactive or soluble.

How can we determine the number of water molecules in a hydrate?

The number of water molecules in a hydrate can be determined through gravimetric analysis, where the mass of the water is measured before and after heating the hydrate to drive off the water molecules. The difference in mass can be used to calculate the number of water molecules present in the hydrate.

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