Volume density refers to the amount of bound charge per unit volume, while surface density refers to the amount of bound charge per unit area of a surface. In other words, volume density is a measure of how tightly packed the bound charge is within a certain volume, while surface density is a measure of how concentrated the bound charge is on a surface.
To find the volume density of bound charge, you must first calculate the total amount of bound charge within the given volume. This can be done by integrating the charge density over the volume. Then, divide this total charge by the volume to get the volume density.
The formula for surface density of bound charge is simply the amount of bound charge divided by the surface area. This can also be written as the surface integral of the charge density over the surface area.
Bound charge creates an electric field that is opposite in direction to the external electric field. This means that the presence of bound charge can weaken or cancel out the effects of the external electric field in the region where it is present.
Yes, bound charge can be either positive or negative. Positive bound charge is caused by an excess of protons in an atom, while negative bound charge is caused by an excess of electrons. Both types of bound charge can affect the electric field in different ways.