Finding t and x in terms of proper time?

In summary, for a particle moving along x with constant acceleration g, we can use the equation a.u=0 to find that a=(γ4v.a, γ2a + γ4(v.a)v). We can also use the fact that a.a is an invariant to relate a^0 and a^1 in the fixed inertial frame.
  • #1
Physicsphysics
17
2
Homework Statement
A particle is moving along x, uniformly accelerated at a=g=constant.
(a) find x and t as a function of proper time (provided at t=0, x=0 and v=0)
Hint: (now a and u are 4-vectors) consider u and a. What are a.a, u.u and a.u? Use these to find the particle's 4-velocity and integrate to find position.
Relevant Equations
Still 4-velocities
u.u=1
a.u=0
u=(γ,γv)
a=(γ[SUP]4[/SUP]v.a, γ[SUP]2[/SUP]a + γ[SUP]4[/SUP](v.a)v)
On the right hand side, v and a are three vectors
I tried finding a.a (four vector inner product) and I got to γ4{(v.a)2(1-γ4v.v - 2γ2) - a.a}, where again a and v are three vectors on the rhs (sorry to be confusing). a.a = g2 since it's a constant.

I have no idea where to go from here to find the time and position. Please help!
 
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  • #2
Physicsphysics said:
Homework Statement:: A particle is moving along x, uniformly accelerated at a=g=constant.
By"uniformly accelerated", I suspect that they mean that ##a^1 = g## in the instantaneous rest frame of the particle. So, if you were to move with the particle you would always experience ##1 g## of acceleration.

Relevant Equations:: Still 4-velocities
u.u=1
a.u=0
u=(γ,γv)
a=(γ4v.a, γ2a + γ4(v.a)v)
Instead of the last equation, you can use the fact that a.a is an invariant. Thus, a.a in the fixed inertial frame must equal a.a in the instantaneous rest frame of the particle. This allows you to relate ##a^0## and ##a^1## in the fixed frame.
 

Related to Finding t and x in terms of proper time?

1. How do you find t and x in terms of proper time?

The equations for finding t and x in terms of proper time are t = t0 * (cosh(Δτ) + vz*sinh(Δτ)) and x = x0 + (t0 * vz * cosh(Δτ)), where t0 and x0 are the initial time and position, vz is the velocity in the z-direction, and Δτ is the proper time. These equations are derived from the Lorentz transformation equations in special relativity.

2. What is proper time and why is it important?

Proper time is the time measured by an observer in their own frame of reference. It takes into account the effects of time dilation and is a fundamental concept in special relativity. It is important because it allows us to accurately describe the relationship between time, space, and velocity in situations where objects are moving at high speeds or in different frames of reference.

3. Can you explain the difference between proper time and coordinate time?

Coordinate time is the time measured by an observer in a different frame of reference, while proper time is the time measured by an observer in their own frame of reference. Coordinate time is dependent on the observer's position and velocity, while proper time is independent of these factors. This means that proper time is the same for all observers in their own frame of reference, while coordinate time may differ for different observers.

4. How does time dilation affect the measurement of t and x in terms of proper time?

Time dilation is the phenomenon where time appears to run slower for objects that are moving at high speeds. This means that the measurement of proper time will be smaller than the measurement of coordinate time for the same event. As a result, the equations for finding t and x in terms of proper time will take into account this time dilation effect and will produce different values than if they were measured in coordinate time.

5. Are there any real-world applications of finding t and x in terms of proper time?

Yes, there are many real-world applications of these equations, particularly in the field of particle physics and astrophysics. For example, the equations are used to calculate the time and distance traveled by particles in particle accelerators. They are also used in the calculation of the positions and velocities of objects in space, such as spacecraft and satellites, where the effects of relativity must be taken into account for accurate measurements.

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