# families of holomorphic functions and uniform convergence on compact sets

#### pantboio

##### Member
Consider the sequence $\{f_n\}$ of complex valued functions, where $f_n=tan(nz)$, $n=1,2,3\ldots$ and $z$ is in the upper half plane $Im(z)>0$. I want to show two facts about this sequence:
1) it's uniformly locally bounded: for every $z_0=x_0+iy_0$ in the upper half plane, ther exist $r_0,M_0>0$ such that $|f_n(z)|\leq M_0$ for every $n$ and for every $z$ with $|z-z_0|<r_0$.
2) the sequence converges uniformly to the function identically equal to $i$ on the compact subsets of the upper half plane.

For point 1), i write $tan(nz)$ in terms of exponentials:

$$tan(nz)=i\frac{e^{-inz}-e^{inz}}{e^{-inz}+e^{inz}}$$
Thus
$$|tan(nz)|=\frac{|e^{-inz}-e^{inz}|}{|e^{-inz}+e^{inz}|}\leq\frac{|e^{-inz}|+|e^{inz}|}{|e^{-inz}|-|e^{inz}|}=\frac{e^{ny}+e^{-ny}}{e^{ny}-e^{-ny}}=coth(ny)$$

Since $coth(y)$ is monotonically decreasing for $y=Im(z)>0$, we have
$$|tan(nz)|\leq coth(ny)\leq coth(y)\leq coth(y_0+r_0)=:M_0$$

Do you think there's some error in what i wrote?
For the point 2) i think i need a suggestion

#### Opalg

##### MHB Oldtimer
Staff member
Consider the sequence $\{f_n\}$ of complex valued functions, where $f_n=tan(nz)$, $n=1,2,3\ldots$ and $z$ is in the upper half plane $Im(z)>0$. I want to show two facts about this sequence:
1) it's uniformly locally bounded: for every $z_0=x_0+iy_0$ in the upper half plane, ther exist $r_0,M_0>0$ such that $|f_n(z)|\leq M_0$ for every $n$ and for every $z$ with $|z-z_0|<r_0$.
2) the sequence converges uniformly to the function identically equal to $i$ on the compact subsets of the upper half plane.

For point 1), i write $tan(nz)$ in terms of exponentials:

$$tan(nz)=i\frac{e^{-inz}-e^{inz}}{e^{-inz}+e^{inz}}$$
Thus
$$|tan(nz)|=\frac{|e^{-inz}-e^{inz}|}{|e^{-inz}+e^{inz}|}\leq\frac{|e^{-inz}|+|e^{inz}|}{|e^{-inz}|-|e^{inz}|}=\frac{e^{ny}+e^{-ny}}{e^{ny}-e^{-ny}}=coth(ny)$$

Since $coth(y)$ is monotonically decreasing for $y=Im(z)>0$, we have
$$|tan(nz)|\leq coth(ny)\leq coth(y)\leq coth(y_0+r_0)=:M_0$$

Do you think there's some error in what i wrote?
For the point 2) i think i need a suggestion
I think that the only error comes right at the end, where you have $\coth(y)\leqslant \coth(y_0+r_0)$. Since $\coth$ is a decreasing function, that should be $\coth(y)\leqslant \coth(y_0-r_0)$. If you then take $r_0 = y_0/2$, you see that you can take $M_0 = \coth(y_0/2)$.

For 2), start from $\tan(nz)=i\dfrac{e^{-inz}-e^{inz}}{e^{-inz}+e^{inz}}$, to show that $\tan(nz)-i =\dfrac{-2ie^{inz}}{e^{-inz}+e^{inz}} =\dfrac{-2i}{e^{-2inz}+1}$, and deduce that $\bigl|\tan(nz)-i\bigr| \leqslant \dfrac2{e^{2ny}-1}$. Then show that this goes to $0$ uniformly on compact subsets of the upper half plane.