Exploring the Role of Enthalpy in Constant Pressure System

[cnoa]

The pV term may be understood by the following example of an isobaric process. Consider gas changing its volume (by, for example, a chemical reaction) in a cylinder, pushing a piston, maintaining constant pressure p. The force is calculated from the area A of the piston and definition of pressure p = F/A: the force is F = pA. By definition, work W done is W = Fx, where x is the distance traversed. Combining gives W = pAx, and the product Ax is the volume traversed by the piston: Ax = V. Thus, the work done by the gas is W = pV, where p is a constant pressure and V the expansion of volume. Including this pV term means that during constant pressure expansion, any internal energy forfeited as work on the environment does not affect the value of enthalpy. The enthalpy change can be defined ΔH = ΔU + W = ΔU + Δ(pV), where ΔU is the thermal energy lost to expansion, and W the energy gained due to work done on the piston.


Difference between enthalpy and internal energy

Chemists routinely use H as the energy of the system, but the pV term is not stored in the system, but rather in the surroundings, such as the atmosphere. When a system, for example, n moles of a gas of volume V at pressure P and temperature T, is created or brought to its present state from absolute zero, energy must be supplied equal to its internal energy U plus pV, where pV is the work done in pushing against the ambient (atmospheric) pressure. This additional energy is therefore stored in the surroundings and can be recovered when the system collapses back to its initial state. In basic chemistry scientists are typically interested in experiments conducted at atmospheric pressure, and for reaction energy calculations they care about the total energy in such conditions, and therefore typically need to use H. In basic physics and thermodynamics it may be more interesting to study the internal properties of the system and therefore the internal energy is used.

So in a constant pressure system if u = q + pv and h = u - pv that means h = q then what's the importance of enthalpy. Why do they say the enthalpy of the reaction is blah blah instead of the heat released or absorbed is blah blah.

 

[DrStupid]

Why do they say the enthalpy of the reaction is blah blah instead of the heat released or absorbed is blah blah.

Because enthalpy is a function of state and heat a process function. In case of constant pressure the change of enthalpy is equal to the heat but as soon as the pressure is not constant the values my be different. The change of enthalpy depends on the initial and final state of the system only but heat depends on the path between these states.

 

[Simon Bridge]

Yep - enthalpy is general.
Remember, the idea is not just to describe specific situations but to come up with something that describes many situations in one go.

 

[sphyics]

enthalpy is the total energy of a body of certain volume V, with pressure P on the object to make a room for itself in the surrounding and the work required is PV. So total energy comes out to be U+PV , which is enthalpy (H), and U internal energy.

 

[sardar]

Enthalpy is a useful concept in thermodynamics because it takes into account both the internal energy and work done by the system. In a constant pressure system, the enthalpy change is equal to the heat absorbed or released by the system. This is because the pV term, which represents the work done, is constant and does not affect the enthalpy change. This makes enthalpy a more convenient and accurate measure of the heat transferred in a reaction, as it takes into account both the internal energy change and the work done on the surroundings.

Furthermore, enthalpy allows for easy comparison of different reactions, as the enthalpy change is independent of the amount of substance involved. This is because enthalpy is an extensive property, meaning it is proportional to the amount of substance present. This allows chemists to compare the energy changes of reactions regardless of the amount of reactants used.

In addition, enthalpy is a state function, meaning it only depends on the initial and final states of the system, not the path taken to get there. This makes it a more reliable measure of the energy changes in a reaction, as it is not affected by factors such as the speed or efficiency of the reaction.

Overall, enthalpy is an important concept in thermodynamics as it provides a more comprehensive understanding of the energy changes in a system, taking into account both internal energy and work done. It allows for easy comparison of reactions and is a reliable measure of energy changes.