Exploring Mass & Establishing Unit of Mass

In summary, the concept of mass in physics is not rigorously defined and can be approached in different ways. The equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass is often used in defining mass, but it is not explicitly stated. Instead, students tend to absorb the concept of mass through osmosis. There is currently a discussion on the relationship between inertial and gravitational mass and how it relates to the concept of mass.
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Cleonis
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In physics, we use the concept of mass, and we use a unit of mass.
It would appear that we must first define the concept of mass, to get to a position where we can establish a unit of mass.

Mass not rigorously defined

To my knowledge the concept of mass is not rigorously defined in Physics. We can opt to make equivalence of inertial mass and gravitational mass part of the very definition of mass, or we can choose to define mass independently. That is not codified.

(Incidentally, it's remarkable that enormous effort has gone in deciding on a definition of 'planet' that would make Pluto either a planet or not a planet, but the concept of mass is pretty much left free.)

If we want to know whether two objects have the same mass then we put them on a balance, a procedure that compares their respective gravitational masses.
Assumption of equivalence of gravitational mass and inertial mass is everywhere in our procedures. Therefore in effect equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass is part of the very definition of mass, even though there's no formal statement to that effect.

As I said, in physics defining the concept of mass is left free. Then how do physics student learn what mass is? Well, they absorb the concept; they learn by osmosis. In any discipline the most pervasive concepts tends to remain undefined, because those concepts are everywhere anyway.

In a recent thread on this forum I saw someone insisting that to define the concept of mass only the concepts momentum and velocity ought to be used. Implicitly (but nowhere explicitly) that person was arguing that the concept and unit of mass should work with the concept of inertial mass only, disregarding gravitational mass.
 
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There is already an ongoing discussion of these very ideas here in this thread; basically the concept of inertial mass and how it relates to gravitation.
https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=410666

You may want to read first and put your input there.
Also note our discussion on Dennis Sciama's formulation which provides the underlying relationship for the equivalence of inertial and gravitational mass.
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Related to Exploring Mass & Establishing Unit of Mass

1. What is mass and how is it different from weight?

Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object. It is a property of an object that does not change based on its location, while weight is a measure of the force of gravity on an object. Mass is typically measured in kilograms (kg) while weight is measured in Newtons (N).

2. How is the unit of mass established?

The unit of mass, the kilogram (kg), was originally defined as the mass of one liter of water at its freezing point. However, in 2019, the unit of mass was officially redefined based on the Planck constant, a fundamental constant of nature. This new definition provides a more precise and stable measurement of mass.

3. How is mass measured?

Mass is typically measured using a scale or balance. A balance works by comparing the unknown mass to a known mass, while a scale measures gravitational force. These instruments can measure mass in units such as kilograms, grams, or ounces.

4. How does mass affect an object's motion?

According to Newton's Second Law of Motion, an object's acceleration is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. This means that the greater the mass of an object, the more force is needed to accelerate it. In simpler terms, heavier objects require more force to move than lighter objects.

5. Why is understanding mass important in science?

Mass is a fundamental concept in science and is used to describe and explain many physical phenomena. It plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior of objects in motion, the effects of gravity, and the properties of matter. Mass is also a key component in many equations and theories, making it essential for scientific research and advancements.

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