# Euler’s Method y'+2y=2-e^(-4t) y(0)-1

#### karush

##### Well-known member
Use Euler’s Method with a step size of h=0.1h=0.1
to find approximate values of the solution at
tt = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5.
Compare them to the exact values of the solution at these points.

Given IVP
$$y'+2y=2-{{\bf{e}}^{- 4t}}\quad yt(0)=1$$
ok from a previous post we found that the general solution was
$$y( t ) = 1 + \frac{1}{2}{{\bf{e}}^{ - 4t}} - \frac{1}{2}{{\bf{e}}^{ - 2t}}$$

Steward gives this for Euler's Method so not real sure how to follow this
Have to go to class, but will back on this when I get back.

#### MarkFL

Staff member
First, express the ODE in the form:

$$\displaystyle y'=f(t,y)$$

And then iterate the recursion:

$$\displaystyle y_{n+1}=y_n+hf\left(t_n,y_n\right)$$

where:

$$\displaystyle t_{n+1}=t_n+h$$

$$\displaystyle h=0.1,\,t_0=0,\,y_0=1$$

#### Country Boy

##### Well-known member
MHB Math Helper
Euler's method approximates the derivative, $$y'= \frac{dy}{dx}$$, by the "difference quotient $$\frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}$$: here $$\frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}= -2y- e^{-4t}$$ or $$\Delta y= (-2y- e^{-4t})\Delta x$$.

Start with t= 0, y= 1. Taking $$\Delta t= 0.1$$, $$\Delta y= (-2- e^0)(0.1)= -0.3$$ so the next step is t= 0+ 0.1= 0.1, y= 1- 0.3= 0.7. Now, $$\Delta t$$ is still 0.1 and $$\Delta y= (-2(0.7)- e^{-0.4})(0.1)= (-1.4- 0.67032)(0.1)= -0.20703$$. The third step is $$t= 0.1+ 0.1= 0.2$$ and $$y= 0.7- 0.20703= 0.492968$$. $$\Delta t= 0.1$$ and $$\Delta y= (-2(0.492968)- e^{-0.8})(0.1)= -0.14353$$. The fourth step is $$t= 0.2+ 0.1= 0.3$$ and $$y= 0.492968- 0.14353= 0.0492968$$. Continue two more times.

#### karush

##### Well-known member
Euler's method approximates the derivative, $$y'= \frac{dy}{dx}$$, by the "difference quotient $$\frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}$$: here $$\frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}= -2y- e^{-4t}$$ or $$\Delta y= (-2y- e^{-4t})\Delta x$$.
wait isn't
$$\displaystyle y'=\frac{\Delta y}{\Delta x}= (2-2y- e^{-4t})$$
$$\Delta y = (2-2y- e^{-4t}) \Delta x$$

#### karush

##### Well-known member
First, express the ODE in the form:

$$\displaystyle y'=f(t,y)$$

And then iterate the recursion:

$$\displaystyle y_{n+1}=y_n+hf\left(t_n,y_n\right)$$

where:

$$\displaystyle t_{n+1}=t_n+h$$

$$\displaystyle h=0.1,\,t_0=0,\,y_0=1$$
so $$f(t,y)=f(0,1)=2-2(0)-e^{-4(0)}=2-1=1$$

#### MarkFL

Staff member
so $$f(t,y)=f(0,1)=2-2(0)-e^{-4(0)}=2-1=1$$
$$\displaystyle y'=f(t,y)=2-e^{-4t}-2y$$

And so:

$$\displaystyle y_{n+1}=y_n+h\left(2-e^{-4t_n}-2y_n\right)$$

We then begin with:

$$\displaystyle y(0)=y_0=1$$ and $$\displaystyle t_0=0$$

$$\displaystyle y(0.1)\approx y_1=y_0+h\left(2-e^{-4t_0}-2y_0\right)=1+0.1\left(2-e^{-4\cdot0}-2\cdot1\right)=1+0.1(2-1-2)=0.9$$

For comparison:

$$\displaystyle y(0.1)=1+\frac{1}{2}e^{-0.4}-\frac{1}{2}e^{-0.2}\approx0.9257946$$

Now, continue iterating and comparing.