chem_tr said:First off, nitroso is written as -ONO. Please show where you are stuck; if you don't understand anything, be sure to post your question after you have studied to understand our responses.
Electrophilic aromatic substitution is a type of organic reaction in which an electrophile (a positively charged or electron-deficient atom or molecule) replaces a hydrogen atom on an aromatic ring.
The NO2 group, also known as a nitro group, is a strong electron-withdrawing group that can activate the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution. It does this by increasing the electron density in the ring, making it more susceptible to attack by electrophiles.
The NO group, also known as a nitroso group, is an electron-withdrawing group that deactivates the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution. This is because the nitrogen atom is highly electronegative and pulls electron density away from the ring, making it less reactive towards electrophiles.
Some common examples of electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions involving NO2 and NO groups include the nitration of benzene, the Friedel-Crafts reaction, and the Sandmeyer reaction.
The position of the NO2 and NO groups on the aromatic ring can greatly impact the reactivity in electrophilic aromatic substitution. Generally, groups located in the ortho and para positions (relative to the electrophile) will increase reactivity, while groups in the meta position will decrease reactivity.