The electric potential of a sphere is the measure of the work done to move a unit test charge from infinity to a point on the surface of the sphere, divided by the magnitude of the test charge. In other words, it is the potential energy per unit charge at a specific point on the surface of the sphere.
The electric potential of a sphere can be calculated using the equation V = kQ/r, where V is the electric potential, k is the Coulomb's constant, Q is the charge of the sphere, and r is the distance from the center of the sphere to the point where the potential is being measured.
The electric potential of a sphere is affected by the charge of the sphere, the distance from the center of the sphere, and the surrounding medium. The potential also decreases with increasing distance from the surface of the sphere.
According to the properties of conductors, the electric field inside a conductor is zero, meaning that there is no potential difference. Therefore, the potential on the surface of the conductor must be constant and equal to the potential of the surrounding medium. This is known as the "boundary condition" for conductors.
The electric potential of a sphere is directly related to its electric field. The electric field is the negative gradient of the electric potential, meaning that it is the rate of change of potential with respect to distance. Therefore, a higher electric potential will result in a stronger electric field and vice versa.