Electric Field and Potential in a Conductor: Zero at the Surface?

In summary, if two points are inside a conductor, they will have the same potential. This also applies to two points on the surface of the conductor. Even if one point is on the surface and the other is inside, there will still be zero potential difference between them. However, this does not mean that the electric field at the surface of the conductor is zero. The normal electric field is non-zero due to the buildup of charge on the surface in response to the applied electric field, while the tangential electric field is zero.
  • #1
aftershock
110
0
I understand that if two points are inside a conductor they're at the same potential. I also understand that if two points lie on the surface of the conductor they're at the same potential.

If point a lies on the surface of a conductor and point b lies inside is there still zero potential difference between a and b?

If so, does that mean the electric field at the surface of a conductor is also zero?
 
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  • #2
For you first point, yes. The entire volume of a conductor is equipotential. However, that does not mean that the electric field at the surface is zero. The tangential electric field is zero, but the normal electric field is non-zero. The non-zero normal field is a result of the charge that builds up on the surface of the conductor in response to the applied electric field.
 
  • #3
electric field inside the conductor is zero in static situation.
 

Related to Electric Field and Potential in a Conductor: Zero at the Surface?

1. What is the concept of equipotential in a conductor?

The concept of equipotential in a conductor refers to the state where all points on the surface of the conductor have the same electric potential. This means that no work is required to move a charge from one point to another on the surface of the conductor.

2. Why is the electric potential constant on the surface of a conductor?

According to the laws of electrostatics, the electric field inside a conductor is zero. This means that the electric potential is constant throughout the conductor's volume, including on its surface. Any excess charge on the conductor will distribute itself evenly on the surface, creating an equipotential state.

3. How can we determine the electric potential on the surface of a conductor?

The electric potential on the surface of a conductor can be determined by using the equation V = kQ/r, where V is the electric potential, k is the Coulomb constant, Q is the charge on the conductor, and r is the distance from the center of the conductor to the point of interest on the surface.

4. What is the significance of equipotential in an electrical circuit?

In an electrical circuit, equipotential surfaces play a crucial role in maintaining a constant potential difference between two points. This allows for the continuous flow of electric current without any loss of energy. It also ensures the safety of users by preventing sudden changes in potential that could lead to electric shocks.

5. How does the shape and size of a conductor affect its equipotential state?

The shape and size of a conductor do not affect its equipotential state as long as it is a perfect conductor. This is because the electric field inside the conductor is zero, and any excess charge will distribute itself evenly on the surface, creating an equipotential state. However, in imperfect conductors, the shape and size can affect the distribution of charge and thus the equipotential state.

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