Why have large outbreaks of Ebola virus killed tens of thousands of gorillas and chimpanzees over the last decade? Observations published in the May issue of The American Naturalist provide new clues, suggesting that outbreaks may be amplified by Ebola transmission between ape social groups. The study provides hope that newly developed vaccines could control the devastating impact of Ebola on wild apes.
Gorillas and chimpanzees are highly susceptible to the Ebola virus and can easily become infected through contact with each other or with infected fluids or carcasses. They can experience severe symptoms and often die from the virus, leading to devastating population declines.
Gorillas and chimpanzees live in close-knit social groups and often share food and grooming behaviors, making it easy for the virus to spread within and between groups. They also have a high genetic similarity to humans, making them susceptible to many of the same diseases.
Ebola outbreaks can have a ripple effect on the ecosystem and other species. As gorillas and chimpanzees die, their decomposing bodies can spread the virus to other animals, and their absence can disrupt the balance of the ecosystem. This can also have negative impacts on other species that rely on gorillas and chimpanzees for food or as part of their habitat.
Efforts are being made to monitor and track the spread of Ebola among gorilla and chimpanzee populations, as well as to provide education and resources to local communities to prevent the spread of the virus. Vaccines are also being developed to protect these endangered species from future outbreaks.
People can help by supporting conservation organizations that work to protect gorillas and chimpanzees and their habitats. They can also help by following guidelines for responsible ecotourism and avoiding activities that could potentially spread the virus, such as handling or consuming bushmeat. Additionally, donations to research and vaccine development efforts can also make a significant impact.