Disintegration of a falling drop of liquid

[ca2n]

What are the variables that determine the maximum diameter of a drop of liquid that will not disintegrate while falling through a gas (e.g. raindrop falling in air)?

 

[Andy Resnick]

If you mean "fragment" by disintegrate (as opposed to evaporate), then drop breakup is driven by interfacial energy, at a timescale driven by the viscosity.

 

[astrokreng]

The disintegration of a falling drop of liquid is a complex phenomenon that is affected by various variables. The maximum diameter of a drop of liquid that will not disintegrate while falling through a gas, such as a raindrop falling in air, is determined by several factors.

Firstly, the surface tension of the liquid plays a crucial role in the stability of the drop. Surface tension is the force that holds the molecules of a liquid together, creating a layer of tension on the surface. The higher the surface tension, the more stable the drop will be, and the larger its maximum diameter can be without disintegrating.

Secondly, the density and viscosity of the liquid also impact the stability of the drop. A more viscous liquid, such as honey, will have a higher resistance to deformation and may be able to maintain a larger diameter while falling. On the other hand, a less viscous liquid, such as water, may disintegrate at a smaller diameter.

The shape of the falling drop also plays a role in its stability. A spherical drop is the most stable shape due to its uniform distribution of surface tension. As the drop becomes more elongated or asymmetrical, the surface tension may not be distributed evenly, leading to disintegration.

The speed at which the drop is falling also affects its stability. A drop falling at a slower speed may be able to maintain a larger diameter due to the reduced force of gravity. However, as the speed increases, the force of gravity may become too strong, causing the drop to disintegrate.

Finally, the properties of the gas through which the drop is falling can also impact its stability. The density and viscosity of the gas, as well as any turbulence, can affect the stability of the drop and its maximum diameter.

In summary, the maximum diameter of a drop of liquid that will not disintegrate while falling through a gas is determined by the surface tension, density, viscosity, shape, speed, and properties of the gas. Further research and experimentation are needed to fully understand the complex dynamics of this phenomenon.