# Complex number problem

#### Pranav

##### Well-known member
Problem:
If $z$ is a complex number such that
$$\arg(z(1+\overline{z}))+\arg\left(\frac{|z|^2}{z-|z|^2}\right)=0$$
then

A)$\arg(\overline{z})=-\pi/2$

B)$\arg(z)=\pi/4$

C)$|\overline{z}|<1$

D)$\ln\left(\frac{1}{|z|}\right)\in (-\infty,\infty)$

Attempt:
From the fact that $|z|=z\overline{z}$, I simplified the given equation to the following:
$$\arg\left(\frac{1+\overline{z}}{1-\overline{z}}\right)=0$$
If the argument of a complex number is zero, then it is equal to its conjugate, hence
$$\frac{1+\overline{z}}{1-\overline{z}}=\frac{1+z}{1-z}$$
Solving gives me $z=\overline{z}$. What to do with this?

Any help is appreciated. Thanks!

#### ZaidAlyafey

##### Well-known member
MHB Math Helper
I have some concerns about the notations you are using. Are you defining $$\displaystyle \text{arg}(z)$$ as the principle argument? $$\displaystyle \text{arg}(z)$$ is a usually defined as multivalued function .

#### Deveno

##### Well-known member
MHB Math Scholar
Which complex numbers equal their conjugates?

This seems to be a "trick question" as 3 of the possible replies are totally irrelevant, and the correct answer doesn't even need any calculation.

#### Pranav

##### Well-known member
I have some concerns about the notations you are using. Are you defining $$\displaystyle \text{arg}(z)$$ as the principle argument? $$\displaystyle \text{arg}(z)$$ is a usually defined as multivalued function .
That isn't mentioned in the problem statement so I guess we have to go with the usual definition.

Which complex numbers equal their conjugates?
Real numbers are equal to their conjugates but that still doesn't give me the answer.

#### Deveno

##### Well-known member
MHB Math Scholar
If $z \in \Bbb R$ what possible values can $\arg(z)$ have?

#### Pranav

##### Well-known member
If $z \in \Bbb R$ what possible values can $\arg(z)$ have?
arg(z) can be any multiple of $\pi$ but I don't see how this helps.

#### Deveno

##### Well-known member
MHB Math Scholar
Not ANY multiple, an INTEGER multiple.

How does that square with the 4 choices the problem poses?

#### Pranav

##### Well-known member
Not ANY multiple, an INTEGER multiple.

How does that square with the 4 choices the problem poses?
Yes, integer multiple, sorry.

That rules out option A and B but how to check for the other two options?

#### Deveno

##### Well-known member
MHB Math Scholar
Does the magnitude of a complex number affect its angle?

#### Pranav

##### Well-known member
Does the magnitude of a complex number affect its angle?
No. So that means $|z|\in (0,\infty)$? That gives me answer D but the given answer is C.

#### Deveno

##### Well-known member
MHB Math Scholar
That *is* interesting. Obviously I have made an unwarranted leap of logic.

I believe we are OK up to this point:

$z = \overline{z}$.

So let's agree that $z = a \in \Bbb R$.

Our original problem then becomes:

$\arg(a(1+a)) = \arg\left(\dfrac{|a|^2}{a - |a|^2}\right)$

Now $a(1+a) = a^2 + a$.

If $|a| > 1$, this is positive, so its arg is 0, so the other arg must be 0.

However, $a - |a|^2 < a - a = 0$ for such $a$, which would make the second arg $\pi$.

I leave it to you to example the cases $a = \pm 1$.

Thus, it must be the case that $|a| = |z| = |\overline{z}| < 1$.

My apologies for not looking closer.

#### Pranav

##### Well-known member
That *is* interesting. Obviously I have made an unwarranted leap of logic.

I believe we are OK up to this point:

$z = \overline{z}$.

So let's agree that $z = a \in \Bbb R$.

Our original problem then becomes:

$\arg(a(1+a)) = \arg\left(\dfrac{|a|^2}{a - |a|^2}\right)$

Now $a(1+a) = a^2 + a$.

If $|a| > 1$, this is positive, so its arg is 0, so the other arg must be 0.

However, $a - |a|^2 < a - a = 0$ for such $a$, which would make the second arg $\pi$.

I leave it to you to example the cases $a = \pm 1$.

Thus, it must be the case that $|a| = |z| = |\overline{z}| < 1$.

My apologies for not looking closer.
Before proceeding with any of the above, why are you doing this?

We already came to the conclusion that $z$ is a real number so $|\overline{z}|$ can be anything. I don't understand why are we getting back to the original equation.

#### ZaidAlyafey

##### Well-known member
MHB Math Helper
$$arg(z(1+\bar{z}))-arg(z-|z|^2)=0$$

Since $z \neq 0$

$$arg\left( \frac{1+\bar{z}}{1-\bar{z}}\right)=0$$

$$\frac{1+\bar{z}}{1-\bar{z}}=a>0$$

$$1+\bar{z}=a-a \bar{z} \to \bar{z}=\frac{a-1}{a+1}$$

Since $$|\bar{z}|=|z| =\left |\frac{a-1}{a+1} \right| <1 \,\,\,; a\neq 1$$

Now if $z=0$ it is clear that $|z|<1$ so

$$|z|<1$$

#### Pranav

##### Well-known member
$$arg(z(1+\bar{z}))-arg(z-|z|^2)=0$$

Since $z \neq 0$

$$arg\left( \frac{1+\bar{z}}{1-\bar{z}}\right)=0$$

$$\frac{1+\bar{z}}{1-\bar{z}}=a>0$$

$$1+\bar{z}=a-a \bar{z} \to \bar{z}=\frac{a-1}{a+1}$$

Since $$|\bar{z}|=|z| =\left |\frac{a-1}{a+1} \right| <1 \,\,\,; a\neq 1$$

Now if $z=0$ it is clear that $|z|<1$ so

$$|z|<1$$
Thanks ZaidAlyafey!

But that still doesn't answer my question in my post #12.

#### ZaidAlyafey

##### Well-known member
MHB Math Helper
If the argument of a complex number is zero, then it is equal to its conjugate, hence ...
Can you prove that ?

#### Pranav

##### Well-known member
Can you prove that ?
Let $z=re^{i\theta}$, then $\overline{z}=re^{-i\theta}$. Since the argument is zero, $z=r$ and $\overline{z}=r$ but I don't see why you asked me this.

#### ZaidAlyafey

##### Well-known member
MHB Math Helper
Notice that the argument is zero then the complex number is actually a positive real number. So $$\displaystyle arg(z) =0$$ implies that $z =a>0$. But if you say that $z=\bar{z}$ that also works for negative real numbers.

Last edited:

#### Pranav

##### Well-known member
Notice that the argument is zero then the complex number is actually a positive real number. So $$\displaystyle arg(z) =0$$ implies that $z =a>0$. But if you say that $z=\bar{z}$ that also works for negative real numbers.
Umm...but how does that answer my question in post #12?

#### ZaidAlyafey

##### Well-known member
MHB Math Helper
Umm...but how does that answer my question in post #12?
I must be interpreting your question wrongly. It would be great if you rephrase it a little bit .

#### Pranav

##### Well-known member
I must be interpreting your question wrongly. It would be great if you rephrase it a little bit .
Ok.

I reached the result that $z=\overline{z}$ and hence, $z$ can be any real number. This mean $|z|$ can be anything. Through your solution, you showed that $|z|<1$ but why do you get a different result than mine and also, how do we know which result is correct? What's wrong with my result?

#### ZaidAlyafey

##### Well-known member
MHB Math Helper
Ok.

I reached the result that $z=\overline{z}$ and hence, $z$ can be any real number. This mean $|z|$ can be anything. Through your solution, you showed that $|z|<1$ but why do you get a different result than mine and also, how do we know which result is correct? What's wrong with my result?
You only proved that $z$ is real .

#### Pranav

##### Well-known member
You only proved that $z$ is real .
So, from $z=\overline{z}$, we cannot comment on $|z|$. For that we have to get back to the original equation, right?

#### ZaidAlyafey

##### Well-known member
MHB Math Helper
So, from $z=\overline{z}$, we cannot comment on $|z|$. For that we have to get back to the original equation, right?
Exactly, $$\displaystyle z=\bar{z}$$ tells us that $z$ is a purely real complex number but we have no idea about its modulus.

#### Pranav

##### Well-known member
Exactly, $$\displaystyle z=\bar{z}$$ tells us that $z$ is a purely real complex number but we have no idea about its modulus.
Thanks ZaidAlyafey and Deveno!