Co-free, High-Energy, Fast-Charging, Long-Lasting Li-Ion Batteries?

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https://phys.org/news/2024-01-cobalt-free-batteries-power-cars.html

https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acscentsci.3c01478

Abstract:

Eliminating the use of critical metals in cathode materials can accelerate global adoption of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Organic cathode materials, derived entirely from earth-abundant elements, are in principle ideal alternatives but have not yet challenged inorganic cathodes due to poor conductivity, low practical storage capacity, or poor cyclability. Here, we describe a layered organic electrode material whose high electrical conductivity, high storage capacity, and complete insolubility enable reversible intercalation of Li+ ions, allowing it to compete at the electrode level, in all relevant metrics, with inorganic-based lithium-ion battery cathodes. Our optimized cathode stores 306 mAh g–1cathode, delivers an energy density of 765 Wh kg–1cathode, higher than most cobalt-based cathodes, and can charge–discharge in as little as 6 min. These results demonstrate the operational competitiveness of sustainable organic electrode materials in practical batteries.

Co is a critical mineral with a vulnerable supply chain. Ideally, it would be a great benefit to reduce it's need and consumption.

The authors state that they, "demonstrate that bis-tetraaminobenzoquinone (TAQ), a fused conjugated molecule with a layered solid-state structure, functions as a fast-charging, high-energy, and long-lasting OEM for LIB cathodes."

The paper discusses some of the chemistry and properties of bis-tetraaminobenzoquinone (TAQ).
 
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1. What does "Co-free" mean in the context of Li-ion batteries?

"Co-free" refers to lithium-ion batteries that do not use cobalt in their cathode material. Cobalt is traditionally used in many Li-ion batteries to enhance energy density and stability, but it is expensive and has ethical and environmental concerns associated with its mining. Co-free batteries use alternative materials like nickel, manganese, or iron to create more sustainable and cost-effective battery options.

2. Why are high-energy Li-ion batteries important?

High-energy Li-ion batteries are crucial because they store more energy, which extends the range of electric vehicles and the runtime of electronic devices per charge. This makes them more efficient and convenient for users, reducing the frequency of recharges and enabling more power-intensive applications.

3. What makes a Li-ion battery fast-charging?

A Li-ion battery is considered fast-charging if it can be charged to a significant percentage of its capacity in a shorter period, typically within a few minutes or hours. This is achieved through advanced electrode and electrolyte designs that allow for quicker ion and electron movements without degrading the battery's overall lifespan and performance.

4. How long-lasting are these advanced Li-ion batteries?

These advanced Li-ion batteries are designed to have a longer lifespan, which means they can endure more charge and discharge cycles before their capacity falls below 80% of their original capacity. Innovations in battery chemistry and management systems help minimize degradation, making batteries last for several years even under regular use.

5. What are the main challenges in developing Co-free, high-energy, fast-charging, long-lasting Li-ion batteries?

The main challenges include finding suitable materials that can replace cobalt without compromising the battery's performance, safety, and longevity. Additionally, balancing the trade-offs between energy density, charging speed, and cycle life requires innovative approaches in material science and engineering. Ensuring the safety of these high-performance batteries under various operating conditions is also a significant challenge.

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