Can Dumbbell-Shaped Orbitals Be Experimentally Confirmed?

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In summary, the Schrodinger Equation can provide solutions for orbital shapes. However, these orbitals are not easily visualized in higher dimensions. There are experts who have confirmed the existence of orbitals through statistical data and measurements, but they are still considered idealized models.
  • #1
Callaghan
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If you solve the Schrodinger Equation, you will get solution for the equation, which is orbital.

My question is, for example, dumbbell-shaped p-orbitals in hydrogen atoms or other atoms,
is there some expert who visualized this orbitals and confirmed experimentally?

And how can it be confirmed experimentally, that p-orbitals exist in a shape of dumbbell?
 
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  • #2
Orbitals are a particular choice of single electron basis sets, which can be used to make the basis sets for many electrons. The wave function for N electrons is in 3N-dimensional configuration space, so it doesn't have an easy visualization. The wave function for a single electron is in a 3-dimensional configuration space, so it can be visualized as being in space.

http://vergil.chemistry.gatech.edu/courses/chem6485/pdf/basis-sets.pdf
 
  • #3
What does it mean to exist? We can assemble pictures out of statistics of measured data. Does that count?
http://io9.com/the-first-image-ever-of-a-hydrogen-atoms-orbital-struc-509684901
The simple answer is no, they don't exist. They are just idealized models. Does the frictionless mass m (which is so frequently present in undergraduate physics) exist?
 

Related to Can Dumbbell-Shaped Orbitals Be Experimentally Confirmed?

1. Do dumbbell-shaped orbitals exist?

Yes, dumbbell-shaped orbitals do exist. They are a type of atomic orbital that has a dumbbell-like shape, with two lobes on either side of the nucleus. They are commonly found in p-orbitals, which are designated as px, py, and pz orbitals.

2. How are dumbbell-shaped orbitals formed?

Dumbbell-shaped orbitals are formed when an electron occupies a specific energy level and is influenced by the electric field of the nucleus. This creates a probability distribution of where the electron is most likely to be found, resulting in the dumbbell shape.

3. Do all atoms have dumbbell-shaped orbitals?

No, not all atoms have dumbbell-shaped orbitals. Dumbbell-shaped orbitals are only found in atoms with multiple electrons, specifically in the p-subshell. Atoms with only one electron, such as hydrogen, do not have dumbbell-shaped orbitals.

4. How are dumbbell-shaped orbitals different from other orbitals?

Dumbbell-shaped orbitals are different from other orbitals in terms of shape and orientation. They have a distinct dumbbell shape, while other orbitals may have different shapes such as spherical or dumbbell-like. Additionally, they are oriented along the x, y, and z axes, while other orbitals may have different orientations.

5. What is the significance of dumbbell-shaped orbitals?

Dumbbell-shaped orbitals play a crucial role in the formation of chemical bonds. They have symmetrical lobes that allow for effective overlap with other orbitals, facilitating bonding between atoms. They also help in determining the shape of molecules and their properties, such as polarity.

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