The formula for calculating Earth's speed around the Sun is v = 2πr / T, where v is the speed, r is the radius of Earth's orbit, and T is the time it takes for Earth to complete one full orbit around the Sun.
The average speed of Earth around the Sun is approximately 107,000 kilometers per hour (km/h), or 67,000 miles per hour (mph). This is calculated by dividing the distance of Earth's orbit around the Sun (940 million km or 584 million miles) by the time it takes to complete one full orbit (365.25 days).
Earth's speed around the Sun is directly related to the length of a year. The faster Earth moves, the shorter the year becomes. This is because the time it takes for Earth to complete one full orbit around the Sun remains constant, but the distance it travels in that time changes based on its speed.
The main factors that can cause variations in Earth's speed around the Sun are the gravitational pull of other planets and the slight elliptical shape of Earth's orbit. The gravitational pull of other planets can slightly alter Earth's orbit, causing its speed to fluctuate. Additionally, Earth's orbit is not a perfect circle, so it travels at different speeds at different points in its orbit.
Scientists use various methods to measure Earth's speed around the Sun, including radar measurements, astronomical observations, and calculations based on gravitational forces. These methods allow scientists to accurately determine Earth's speed and track any changes over time.