Average number of particles/subsystems in a state

In summary, the conversation discusses a system in thermal equilibrium at temperature T consisting of subsystems with two energy states. The average number of subsystems in a specific energy state is determined using the probability equations, which depend on the nature of the particles. The given options are only applicable if the system is an ensemble and the subsystems are members of the ensemble.
  • #1
devd
47
1

Homework Statement


A system in thermal equilibrium at temperature T consists of a large number
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of subsystems, each of which can exist only in two states of energy
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and
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, where
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. In the expressions that follow, k is the Boltzmann constant.

For a system at temperature T, the average number of subsystems in the state of energy
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is given by

  1. 2$.gif
  2. kT}}$.gif
  3. kT}$.gif
  4. kT}}$.gif
  5. kT}}{2}$.gif

Homework Equations


Probability of a system to be in a system-microstate of total energy ##E_R##,
##P_R = \frac{e^{-\beta E_R}} {\sum_{R} e^{-\beta E_R}} ##

The Attempt at a Solution


We have the constraint ##\sum_r n_r= N_0 ## and ## \sum_r n_r \epsilon_r = E_R##
Where, r labels the single particle states.
Therefore, the average number of particles in the sth 1 particle state,
##\langle n_s\rangle = \frac{\sum_R n_s e^{-\beta (\sum_r n_r \epsilon_r)}}{\sum_{R} e^{-\beta (\sum_r \epsilon_r)}}##

To proceed one needs the nature of the particles.
For example,
## \langle n_s\rangle = \frac{1}{e^{\beta \epsilon_s} -1}## for Photons
## \langle n_s\rangle = \frac{1}{e^{(\beta \epsilon_s -\mu)}+1}## for FD statistics etc.

How do i proceed without further info? The question seems to conflate states of the total system with the subsystem states. I think the question is problematic and ambiguous. Anyhow, the supplied 'correct' answer is option (B).
 
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  • #2
The given options only makes sense if by 'system' they mean ensemble and by 'subsystem' they mean members of the ensemble.
Then, ##P(E_1)= \cfrac{e^{-\beta E_1}}{e^{-\beta E_1}+e^{-\beta E_2}}##
Again, ##P(E_1)= \cfrac{N_1}{N_0}. ## Therefore, ##N_1 = N_0\left(\cfrac{e^{-\beta E_1}}{e^{-\beta E_1}+e^{-\beta E_2}}\right)##
And hence, ##N_1 = N_0\left(\cfrac{1}{1+e^{-\beta \epsilon}}\right)## , where ## E_2-E_1= \epsilon## .

But, if they're talking about a single system, then the options don't make sense to me. But, this question appeared in the GRE, so they aren't likely to make such errors. So, what am i missing?
 

Related to Average number of particles/subsystems in a state

1. What is the definition of "average number of particles/subsystems in a state"?

The average number of particles/subsystems in a state refers to the average number of particles or subsystems that occupy a particular state in a given system. It is a measure of the distribution of particles or subsystems within a system.

2. How is the average number of particles/subsystems in a state calculated?

The average number of particles/subsystems in a state is calculated by taking the sum of the number of particles or subsystems in each state, multiplied by the probability of each state occurring. This calculation is also known as the expectation value.

3. What is the significance of the average number of particles/subsystems in a state?

The average number of particles/subsystems in a state is an important quantity in statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics. It allows us to predict the behavior of particles or subsystems within a system and understand the distribution of energy and other properties within the system.

4. Can the average number of particles/subsystems in a state change over time?

Yes, the average number of particles/subsystems in a state can change over time. This is because the probability of each state occurring can change over time, leading to a different distribution of particles or subsystems within the system.

5. How does the average number of particles/subsystems in a state relate to entropy?

The average number of particles/subsystems in a state is related to entropy through the Boltzmann distribution. As the number of particles or subsystems in a particular state increases, the entropy of the system also increases. This relationship is important in understanding the behavior of systems in thermodynamic equilibrium.

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