Angular momentum in a half rotating body

In summary, the classical formula for conservation of angular momentum, L=mvr, applies to a spinning or rotating body. However, for an object that oscillates back and forth between 0 and Pi on a unit circle, the dynamics of the system would change as energy and torque would need to be continually added in order to switch directions, making it impossible to conserve angular momentum. Therefore, a different formula or equation would be needed to model this type of occurrence.
  • #1
DiracPool
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If we look at the classical formula for the conservation of angular momentum, L=mvr, we can easily see that, if the radius of a rotating body is shortened, its velocity must increase in order to conserve L, and vice-versa.

Again, the classical conception we have of this formula is its application to a spinning or rotating body, rotating in a unidirectional clockwise or counterclockwise fashion.

My question is this: Does this same formula hold for an object that is not going fully around a unit circle, say, but it oscillating back and forth through half of the circle. In other words, say it oscillates back and forth between 0 and Pi, confined to only the first and second quadrants of the circle. How would the dynamics of the system change in this circumstance? You would think that, even though you can assign a specific frequency to the back and forth oscillation, the fact that you would be constantly accelerating and decelerating in order to switch directions would constantly be shifting the radius of the oscillating object in order to conserve the angular momentum.

Is this assumption correct? Is there a different formula/equation that is used to model such an occurance?

Edit: Or is the deal here that conservation of angular momentum doesn't apply in this instance because energy/torque must continually be added to the system in order to keep switching directions?
 
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  • #2
To oscillate back and forth, you need some non-radial force, and angular momentum cannot be conserved (unless something else oscillates in the opposite way, but then you have different velocities for different parts of the setup).
 
  • #3
mfb said:
To oscillate back and forth, you need some non-radial force, and angular momentum cannot be conserved (unless something else oscillates in the opposite way, but then you have different velocities for different parts of the setup).

Yeah, that makes sense. Thanks mfb.
 

1. What is angular momentum in a half rotating body?

Angular momentum is a physical quantity that represents the rotational motion of a body around a fixed point or axis. In a half rotating body, the angular momentum is the product of the body's moment of inertia and its angular velocity.

2. How is angular momentum conserved in a half rotating body?

In a closed system, angular momentum is conserved, meaning that it remains constant over time. This means that in a half rotating body, the angular momentum will remain constant as long as there are no external torques acting on the body.

3. What happens to the angular momentum if the half rotating body's mass distribution changes?

If the mass distribution of the half rotating body changes, the moment of inertia will also change, affecting the overall angular momentum. If the mass is moved closer to the axis of rotation, the moment of inertia decreases, resulting in an increase in angular velocity to maintain the same angular momentum. Similarly, if the mass is moved away from the axis, the moment of inertia increases, resulting in a decrease in angular velocity.

4. Can the direction of angular momentum change in a half rotating body?

No, the direction of angular momentum cannot change in a half rotating body. This is because angular momentum is a vector quantity and follows the right-hand rule. Any change in direction would require a change in the direction of the angular velocity or the axis of rotation, both of which are fixed in a half rotating body.

5. How is angular momentum related to rotational kinetic energy in a half rotating body?

Angular momentum and rotational kinetic energy are both measures of an object's rotational motion. In a half rotating body, the two are related by the equation L = Iω, where L is the angular momentum, I is the moment of inertia, and ω is the angular velocity. This equation shows that an increase in angular velocity will result in an increase in both angular momentum and rotational kinetic energy.

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