Working of Van De Graff generator

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In summary, a Van de Graff generator uses a positive conductor connected to a power supply to generate a high electric field, causing dielectric breakdown of air and transferring positive charge to an insulated belt. The power supply replenishes the positive charge on the conductor, but if the path is discontinuous, some charge may flow back to the battery. The flow of electricity in the generator follows a path from the power supply to the discharge electrode, up the belt to the top-load, and then either leaks or discharges as a spark into the surrounding air and back to ground. The other side of the power supply is connected to ground, completing the circuit. The top-load can be seen as one plate of a capacitor, with the other being the
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akhil123
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In a Van de graff generator, the positive conductor which is connected to the power supply (of high voltage) generates an electric field of high value, which results in dielectric breakdown of air and the positive charge gets "transferred" to the insulated belt. The book says " positive charge is replenished on the conductor by the power supply". My question is, if the path is discontinuous, how can battery replenish the charge? Some positive charge from the negative conductor should flow back to the battery to happen.
 
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You have to think about the full path of the flow of electricity.

It flows from the power supply to the discharge electrode, up the belt to the top-load (sphere). Then it either leaks or is discharged as a spark into the surrounding air and back to ground.

The other side of the power supply is connected to ground, which completes the circuit.

In electrical circuit theory, the top-load would be seen as one plate of a capacitor, the other being the ground. In this case the capacitor periodically flashes over.
 

Related to Working of Van De Graff generator

What is a Van De Graff generator?

A Van De Graff generator is a device that uses static electricity to generate high voltages and create electrostatic fields. It was invented by American physicist Robert J. Van De Graaff in 1929.

How does a Van De Graff generator work?

A Van De Graff generator works by using a motor to rotate a rubber belt against two metal combs. The friction between the belt and the combs causes electrons to transfer from the belt to the combs, creating a positive charge on the belt and a negative charge on the combs. The positive charge on the belt then attracts electrons from a ground source, creating a continuous flow of electrons and building up a high voltage on the belt.

What are the main components of a Van De Graff generator?

The main components of a Van De Graff generator include a motor, a rubber belt, two metal combs, a high voltage terminal, and a ground source. Some generators may also have additional components such as a voltage regulator and a Leyden jar capacitor.

What are some common uses of Van De Graff generators?

Van De Graff generators are commonly used in physics demonstrations and experiments to illustrate the principles of electrostatics. They are also used in particle accelerators and nuclear physics research to create high energy particles for study. Additionally, they have practical applications in industries such as powder coating and air purification.

Are there any safety precautions to consider when using a Van De Graff generator?

Yes, there are several safety precautions to consider when using a Van De Graff generator. These include wearing safety equipment such as gloves and goggles, using an insulating platform to prevent electric shock, and avoiding touching the generator while it is in operation. It is also important to properly ground the generator and ensure that the voltage is regulated to prevent damaging electrical shocks.

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