What materials make the best shields?

[shakystew]

What shielding materials are best choices for reducing dose from:

Neutrons:
Gamma rays:
Electrons:
HCP: (heavy charged particles)​

I know, good neutron shields can be hydrogen (can be explosive though) or concrete, beta/electrons is a combo of low Z-material to block e- then high Z-material to absorb Bremmsstrahlung.

Thank you in advance!

 

[mfb]

Hydrogen can be stored as water or with similar molecules - reasonable density of hydrogen atoms, liquid or solid at room temperature, not explosive.

For gammas and high-energetic electrons: everything with a short radiation length. Lead is relatively cheap, tungsten is better but probably more expensive, iron is very cheap but you'll need more material.
Heavy charged particles at which energy? Within the range of the Bethe formula, everything with a high density.

 

[raining Pete]

For neutrons, some good choices for shielding materials include boron, polyethylene, and water. These materials are effective at slowing down and absorbing neutrons.

For gamma rays, lead is often considered the best choice due to its high density and ability to absorb gamma radiation. Other options include concrete, steel, and tungsten.

Electrons can be shielded with a combination of low and high Z-materials. As you mentioned, a low Z-material such as plastic can block the electrons, and a high Z-material such as lead can absorb the resulting Bremsstrahlung radiation.

For heavy charged particles (HCP), thick layers of high Z-materials such as lead, iron, or concrete are typically used for shielding. These materials are effective at absorbing the energy of the particles and reducing their impact on surrounding areas.

It's important to note that the best shielding material will depend on the specific type and energy of the radiation being emitted, as well as the level of protection needed. It's always best to consult with a radiation safety expert to determine the most appropriate shielding for a given situation.