Impulse is the change in momentum of an object, calculated as the product of its mass and velocity. It is a vector quantity that describes the amount of force applied to an object for a certain amount of time.
Yes, impulse can be negative. This means that the direction of the force is opposite to the direction of the object's motion. A negative impulse can cause an object to slow down or change directions.
The magnitude of impulse is affected by the force applied to an object and the duration of time in which the force is applied. The greater the force and the longer the duration, the greater the magnitude of impulse.
Newton's Second Law of Motion states that the net force applied to an object is equal to the product of its mass and acceleration. Impulse can be used to calculate the change in velocity, which is related to acceleration, and thus is related to Newton's Second Law of Motion.
The direction of impulse is important because it affects the direction of an object's change in momentum. If the impulse is in the same direction as the object's motion, it will increase the object's momentum. If it is in the opposite direction, it will decrease the object's momentum.