Guess the Mystery Number in this List of 4!

[alextrainer]

List contains 1, square root of 2, x and x squared and the list range is 4.

I guessed 2 but it is not correct.

 

[Greg]

Hi alextrainer. Would you please explain what a "list range" is?

 

[MarkFL]

List contains 1, square root of 2, x and x squared and the list range is 4.

I guessed 2 but it is not correct.

I am going to assume that a "list range" is the difference between the largest and smallest elements in the list. So, if we assume then that we are going to have $x^2$ as the largest member of the list (since we will require $1<x$), where $1$ is the smallest, then we need:

\(\displaystyle x^2-1=4\)

Can you solve this where $1<x$? Is $\sqrt{2}<x^2$?

Another solution arises from assuming $x$ will be the smallest member of the list and $x^2$ will be the largest:

\(\displaystyle x^2-x=4\)

Can you find this solution?

 

[alextrainer]

You got the problem correctly stated?

x squared - x = 4

so not an integer

without just randomly trying fractions, what other strategy?

x squared = 4 - x? does not help

 

[MarkFL]

Let's first look at:

\(\displaystyle x^2-1=4\)

Add $1$ to both sides:

\(\displaystyle x^2=5\)

Hence, taking the root where $1<x$, we obtain:

\(\displaystyle x=\sqrt{5}\)

And so the list contains (ordered from smallest to largest):

\(\displaystyle \{1,\sqrt{2},\sqrt{5},5\}\)

We can see the "list range" is:

\(\displaystyle 5-1=4\)

Next, let's look at:

\(\displaystyle x^2-x=4\)

Arrange in standard form:

\(\displaystyle x^2-x-4=0\)

Using the quadratic formula and taking the root such that $x<1$, we obtain:

\(\displaystyle x=\frac{1-\sqrt{17}}{2}\implies x^2=\frac{9-\sqrt{17}}{2}\)

And so the list contains (ordered from smallest to largest):

\(\displaystyle \left\{\frac{1-\sqrt{17}}{2},1,\sqrt{2},\frac{9-\sqrt{17}}{2}\right\}\)

We can see the "list range" is:

\(\displaystyle \frac{9-\sqrt{17}}{2}-\frac{1-\sqrt{17}}{2}=4\)