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tushar gupta
- 10
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Does electrical energy reside in kinetic energy of electrons?
FireStorm000 said:I actually remember deriving this in my AP physics class. It really depends on what we're talking about though, because there are many different kinds of energy in an electric circuit. A capacitor stores energy in an electric field; an inductor stores energy in a magnetic field; batteries in chemical bonds. Resistors dissipate energy in the form of heat. In a perfect wire, there would be energy if the form of kinetic energy of the electrons, yes, but also in the magnetic field generated by the wire.
I know at least at the introductory college level, wires are not considered to store any energy(it's negligible). Electrons simply transfer the energy(supposedly instantaneously) from one component to the next.
elegysix said:as for the velocity of current, look up drift speed... there's a formula: I=nAQv, where v is the electron drift speed.
Electrical energy is due to the electrical field, much like gravitational potential energy.
for a given electric field E, the energy density is given by
u=[itex]\frac{\epsilon_{0}|E|^{2}}{2}[/itex]
hope this helps
...i thought the moving electrons collide with the nucleas of the matter which gives them vibrations and that vibration is turned into heat(for a resistor).
Metals or metallic elements are elements with high electrical conductivity in the solid state. In each row of the periodic table the metals occur to the left of the nonmetals and thus have fewer valence electrons. The valence electrons which are present have small ionization energies, and in the solid state they are relatively free to leave one atom and move to its neighbour. These “free electrons” can move under the influence of an electric field and their motion constitutes an electric current. They are therefore responsible for the electrical conductivity of the metal.
Quantum mechanics states that the energy of an electron in an atom cannot be any arbitrary value. Rather, there are fixed energy levels which the electrons can occupy, and values in between these levels are impossible. The energy levels are grouped into two bands: the valence band and the conduction band (the latter is generally above the former). Electrons in the conduction band may move freely throughout the substance in the presence of an electrical field.
In insulators and semiconductors, the atoms in the substance influence each other so that between the valence band and the conduction band there exists a forbidden band of energy levels, which the electrons cannot occupy. In order for a current to flow, a relatively large amount of energy must be furnished to an electron for it to leap across this forbidden gap and into the conduction band. Thus, even large voltages can yield relatively small currents.
TemperatureThe effect of temperature on thermal conductivity is different for metals and nonmetals. In metals conductivity is primarily due to lattice vibrations and free electron, however, free electrons play a dominant role. Therefore any increase in temperature increases the lattice vibrations but affects the movement of free electrons adversly thereby decreasing the conductivity. On the other hand conductivity in nonmetals is only due to lattice vibrations which increases with increasing temperature, and so the conductivity of nonmetals increases with increasing temperature.
Electrical conductivityIn metals, thermal conductivity approximately tracks electrical conductivity according to the Wiedemann-Franz law, as freely moving valence electrons transfer not only electric current but also heat energy. However, the general correlation between electrical and thermal conductance does not hold for other materials, due to the increased importance of phonon carriers for heat in non-metals. As shown in the table below, highly electrically conductive silver is less thermally conductive than diamond, which is an electrical insulator.
Electrical energy is a form of energy that is associated with the movement of electric charge. It is the energy that is produced when electrons flow through a conductor, such as a wire, and is used to power various devices and systems.
Electrical energy is produced when electrons move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. This movement can be facilitated by a power source, such as a battery or a generator. When the electrons flow through a conductor, they transfer their energy to the device or system they are powering.
Yes, kinetic energy of electrons is involved in electrical energy. As the electrons move through a conductor, they have a certain amount of kinetic energy due to their movement. This kinetic energy is what is transferred to the device or system being powered, resulting in the production of electrical energy.
Yes, electrical energy can be converted into other forms of energy, such as heat, light, and mechanical energy. This is done using devices like heaters, light bulbs, and motors, which convert the electrical energy into the desired form for a specific purpose.
Electrical energy is measured in units of joules (J). The amount of electrical energy produced or consumed is determined by multiplying the voltage (V) by the current (I) and the amount of time (t) it is used for. This can be represented by the equation E=VIt.